Trajectory Clustering(DBSCAN算法进行轨迹聚类)

本文介绍了如何使用DBSCAN算法对轨迹数据进行聚类。首先,通过计算轨迹点的MDLpar和MDLnopar来提取特征点,接着详细阐述了DBSCAN聚类的步骤,并提供了部分代码实现。虽然文章未涵盖所有聚类后的处理,但为轨迹处理提供了基础方法。
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数据及代码

1. 步骤

  • 提取轨迹特征点
  • 使用DBSCAN算法聚类

2. 提取轨迹特征点

2.1 算法思想

一段轨迹,比如 {p1,p2,p3,p4,p5},遍历这个轨迹的所有点,计算每一个点的MDLpar和MDLnopar,如果MDLpar > MDLnopar,那么这个点就是特征点(MDL就是最小描述原则,有兴趣可以自行搜索)

算法伪代码
算法伪代码

2.2 计算MDLpar和MDLnopar

轨迹 {pc1,pc2,pc3,pc4,ppari}
L(H)和L(D|H)
比如
L(H)和L(D|H)例子
MDLpar = L(H) + L(D|H)
MDLnopar = L(H)(轨迹总长度,上图为len(p1,p2)+len(p2,p3)+len(p3,p4))

两条线段Lj,Li(短的为Lj,长的为Li)
在这里插入图片描述

2.3 代码

2.3.1 一些计算距离的函数
def calc_distance(p1, p2):
    """计算p1,p2的直线距离"""
    return math.sqrt((p1[0] - p2[0]) ** 2 + (p1[1] - p2[1]) ** 2)


def calc_straight_line(p1, p2):
    """计算p1 p2的直线方程"""
    try:
        k = (p1[1] - p2[1]) / (p1[0] - p2[0])
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        k = 0
    b = p1[1] - k * p1[0]
    return k, b


def calc_projection(p1, p2, p3):
    """计算 p1 在 线段(p2,p3)上的投影点"""
    k, b = calc_straight_line(p2, p3)
    x = (k * (p1[1] - b) + p1[0]) / (k ** 2 + 1)
    y = k * x + b
    return [x, y]


def calc_point_line_distance(p1, p2, p3):
    """计算点 p1 到 线段(p2,p3)的距离"""
    a = p3[1] - p2[1]
    b = p2[1] - p3[1]
    c = p3[0] * p2[1] - p2[0] * p2[1]
    try:
        distance = (math.fabs(a * p1[0] + b * p1[1] + c)) / (math.pow(a * a + b * b, 0.5))
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        distance = 0
    return distance


def calc_angel_sin(p1,
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以下是基于轨迹聚类DBSCAN算法Python代码: ``` import numpy as np from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import haversine_distances def dbscan_trajectory_clustering(X, epsilon, min_samples, metric='haversine'): """ Perform DBSCAN clustering on a set of trajectory segments. Parameters ---------- X : array-like, shape (n_samples, n_features) The input data representing the trajectory segments. Each row corresponds to a single trajectory segment and should contain at least two columns representing latitude and longitude. epsilon : float The maximum distance between two trajectory segments for them to be considered as belonging to the same cluster. min_samples : int The minimum number of trajectory segments required for a cluster to be considered valid. metric : string, optional (default='haversine') The distance metric to use. Should be one of ['haversine', 'euclidean']. Returns ------- labels : array-like, shape (n_samples,) A label array where each element indicates the cluster number of the corresponding trajectory segment. -1 indicates an outlier. """ # Compute pairwise distances between trajectory segments if metric == 'haversine': X_rad = np.radians(X[:, :2]) dist_matrix = haversine_distances(X_rad, X_rad) * 6371 * 1000 # Earth radius in meters elif metric == 'euclidean': dist_matrix = np.sqrt(np.sum((X[:, :2] - X[:, :2][:, np.newaxis]) ** 2, axis=2)) else: raise ValueError(f"Unsupported metric: {metric}") # Perform DBSCAN clustering labels = np.zeros(X.shape[0], dtype=int) visited = np.zeros(X.shape[0], dtype=bool) current_cluster = -1 for i in range(X.shape[0]): if visited[i]: continue visited[i] = True neighbor_indices = np.where(dist_matrix[i] < epsilon)[0] if len(neighbor_indices) < min_samples: labels[i] = -1 # Mark as outlier else: current_cluster += 1 labels[i] = current_cluster j = 0 while j < len(neighbor_indices): neighbor_index = neighbor_indices[j] if not visited[neighbor_index]: visited[neighbor_index] = True new_neighbor_indices = np.where(dist_matrix[neighbor_index] < epsilon)[0] if len(new_neighbor_indices) >= min_samples: neighbor_indices = np.union1d(neighbor_indices, new_neighbor_indices) if labels[neighbor_index] == 0: labels[neighbor_index] = current_cluster j += 1 return labels ``` 此代码实现了基于轨迹聚类DBSCAN算法,其中输入数据为表示轨迹段的(lat, lon)对,输出一个标签数组表示每个轨迹段所属的簇。该算法可用于抽取轨迹中的行程信息,例如起点、终点、路线等。
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