机器学习专栏（63）：Keras预训练模型工业级应用指南-CSDN博客

模型名称	参数量(M)	Top-1准确率	推理速度(ms)	适用场景
ResNet50	25.6	76.0%	8.2	通用图像分类
EfficientNetB7	66	84.3%	15.7	高精度识别
MobileNetV3	5.4	75.2%	3.1	移动端部署
Xception	22.9	79.0%	10.5	细粒度分类
ViT-B16	86	85.3%	23.4	大数据量场景

# 一键加载最新EfficientNetV2模型
from keras.applications import EfficientNetV2B3

model = EfficientNetV2B3(
    weights='imagenet',
    include_top=True,
    input_shape=(300, 300, 3)

二、迁移学习全流程实战

2.1 数据预处理标准化流程

def build_data_pipeline(model_name='resnet50'):
    # 获取模型特定预处理
    preprocess_fn = getattr(keras.applications, model_name).preprocess_input
    
    # 构建数据增强管道
    augmentation = keras.Sequential([
        layers.RandomRotation(0.2),
        layers.RandomZoom(0.3),
        layers.RandomContrast(0.1),
        layers.RandomTranslation(0.1, 0.1)
    ])
    
    return lambda x: preprocess_fn(augmentation(x))

2.2 特征提取与微调策略

2.2.1 双阶段训练法

# 阶段一：冻结特征提取层
base_model = ResNet50(include_top=False, pooling='avg')
for layer in base_model.layers:
    layer.trainable = False

# 阶段二：解冻顶层进行微调
for layer in base_model.layers[-20:]:
    layer.trainable = True

2.2.2 差异化学率设置

# 分层学习率配置
optimizer = keras.optimizers.Adam(
    learning_rate=keras.optimizers.schedules.PiecewiseConstantDecay(
        boundaries=[1000, 3000],
        values=[1e-4, 1e-5, 1e-6]
    )
)

三、工业级应用案例

3.1 智能质检系统

def build_defect_detector():
    base = MobileNetV3Small(input_shape=(512, 512, 3), include_top=False)
    spatial_attention = keras.Sequential([
        layers.GlobalAvgPool2D(),
        layers.Reshape((1, 1, 576)),
        layers.Conv2D(32, 1, activation='relu'),
        layers.Conv2D(576, 1, activation='sigmoid')
    ])
    
    x = base.output
    att = spatial_attention(x)
    x = layers.Multiply()([x, att])
    outputs = layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')(x)
    
    return keras.Model(inputs=base.input, outputs=outputs)

3.2 跨模态检索系统

class CrossModalRetrieval(keras.Model):
    def __init__(self, text_model, image_model):
        super().__init__()
        self.text_encoder = text_model
        self.image_encoder = image_model
        self.logit_scale &#