随机模拟算法--分钱模拟问题可视化

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-21 17:57:17 发布

29DCH

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-21 17:57:17 发布

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分类专栏： java 算法心得体会计算机与概率统计 Java学习之路文章标签：算法可视化 java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/CowBoySoBusy/article/details/84443045

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详情见 http://www.sohu.com/a/159448526_499017
最近在知乎上看到一个很有趣的问题：房间里有100个人，每人都有100元钱，他们在玩一个游戏。每轮游戏中，每个人都要拿出一元钱随机给另一个人，最后这100个人的财富分布是怎样的？
这很显然是个概率问题,一般人凭直觉都会认为最后的财富分布每个人是相差不多的,但其实这个问题正好可以反映当下社会贫富差距的问题,这也告诉我们有时候凭直觉来分析概率问题是不对的,往往会出乎你的意料.
这里我采用计算机模拟的思维,用java swing,awt GUI图形界面来将这个抽象的算法问题可视化!
代码如下:

AlgoFrame.java

package Test;

import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;

import javax.swing.*;

public class AlgoFrame extends JFrame{

    private int canvasWidth;
    private int canvasHeight;

    public AlgoFrame(String title, int canvasWidth, int canvasHeight){

        super(title);

        this.canvasWidth = canvasWidth;
        this.canvasHeight = canvasHeight;

        AlgoCanvas canvas = new AlgoCanvas();
        setContentPane(canvas);
        pack();

        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setResizable(false);

        setVisible(true);
    }

    public AlgoFrame(String title){

        this(title, 1024, 768);
    }

    public int getCanvasWidth(){return canvasWidth;}
    public int getCanvasHeight(){return canvasHeight;}

    // data
    int[] money;
    public void render(int[] money){
        this.money = money;
        repaint();
    }

    private class AlgoCanvas extends JPanel{

        public AlgoCanvas(){
            // 双缓存
            super(true);
        }

        @Override
        public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);

            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g;

            // 抗锯齿
            RenderingHints hints = new RenderingHints(
                    RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
                    RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
            hints.put(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
            g2d.addRenderingHints(hints);

            // 具体绘制
            AlgoVisHelper.setColor(g2d, AlgoVisHelper.Blue);

            int w = canvasWidth / money.length;
            for(int i = 0 ; i < money.length ; i ++)
                AlgoVisHelper.fillRectangle(g2d,
                        i*w+1, canvasHeight-money[i], w-1, money[i]);

        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize(){
            return new Dimension(canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
        }
    }
}

AlgoVisHelper.java

package Test;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.lang.InterruptedException;

public class AlgoVisHelper {

    private AlgoVisHelper(){}

    public static final Color Red = new Color(0xF44336);
    public static final Color Pink = new Color(0xE91E63);
    public static final Color Purple = new Color(0x9C27B0);
    public static final Color DeepPurple = new Color(0x673AB7);
    public static final Color Indigo = new Color(0x3F51B5);
    public static final Color Blue = new Color(0x2196F3);
    public static final Color LightBlue = new Color(0x03A9F4);
    public static final Color Cyan = new Color(0x00BCD4);
    public static final Color Teal = new Color(0x009688);
    public static final Color Green = new Color(0x4CAF50);
    public static final Color LightGreen = new Color(0x8BC34A);
    public static final Color Lime = new Color(0xCDDC39);
    public static final Color Yellow = new Color(0xFFEB3B);
    public static final Color Amber = new Color(0xFFC107);
    public static final Color Orange = new Color(0xFF9800);
    public static final Color DeepOrange = new Color(0xFF5722);
    public static final Color Brown = new Color(0x795548);
    public static final Color Grey = new Color(0x9E9E9E);
    public static final Color BlueGrey = new Color(0x607D8B);
    public static final Color Black = new Color(0x000000);
    public static final Color White = new Color(0xFFFFFF);


    public static void strokeCircle(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int r){

        Ellipse2D circle = new Ellipse2D.Double(x-r, y-r, 2*r, 2*r);
        g.draw(circle);
    }

    public static void fillCircle(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int r){

        Ellipse2D circle = new Ellipse2D.Double(x-r, y-r, 2*r, 2*r);
        g.fill(circle);
    }

    public static void strokeRectangle(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int w, int h){

        Rectangle2D rectangle = new Rectangle2D.Double(x, y, w, h);
        g.draw(rectangle);
    }

    public static void fillRectangle(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int w, int h){

        Rectangle2D rectangle = new Rectangle2D.Double(x, y, w, h);
        g.fill(rectangle);
    }

    public static void setColor(Graphics2D g, Color color){
        g.setColor(color);
    }

    public static void setStrokeWidth(Graphics2D g, int w){
        int strokeWidth = w;
        g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(strokeWidth, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND));
    }

    public static void pause(int t) {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(t);
        }
        catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println("Error sleeping");
        }
    }

    public static void putImage(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, String imageURL){

        ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(imageURL);
        Image image = icon.getImage();

        g.drawImage(image, x, y, null);
    }

    public static void drawText(Graphics2D g, String text, int centerx, int centery){

        if(text == null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Text is null in drawText function!");

        FontMetrics metrics = g.getFontMetrics();
        int w = metrics.stringWidth(text);
        int h = metrics.getDescent();
        g.drawString(text, centerx - w/2, centery + h);
    }

}

AlgoVisualizer.java

package Test;

import java.awt.*;

public class AlgoVisualizer {

    private static int DELAY = 1;
    private int[] money;
    private AlgoFrame frame;

    public AlgoVisualizer(int sceneWidth, int sceneHeight){

        // 初始化数据
        money = new int[100];
        for(int i = 0 ; i < money.length ; i ++)
            money[i] = 100;

        // 初始化视图
        EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
            frame = new AlgoFrame("Random money problem", sceneWidth, sceneHeight);
            new Thread(() -> {
                run();
            }).start();
        });
    }

    public void run(){

        while(true){

            frame.render(money);
            AlgoVisHelper.pause(DELAY);

            for(int i = 0 ; i < money.length; i ++){
                if(money[i] > 0){
                    int j = (int)(Math.random() * money.length);
                    money[i] -= 1;
                    money[j] += 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int sceneWidth = 1000;
        int sceneHeight = 800;

        AlgoVisualizer vis = new AlgoVisualizer(sceneWidth, sceneHeight);
    }
}

运行效果图:
在这里插入图片描述
这里我为了让效果更明显,把延迟参数 DELAY 设置为 1(ms),这个参数越小,效果显现得越快!
将上述代码改进如下:

AlgoFrame.java

package Test;

import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;

import javax.swing.*;

public class AlgoFrame extends JFrame{

    private int canvasWidth;
    private int canvasHeight;

    public AlgoFrame(String title, int canvasWidth, int canvasHeight){

        super(title);

        this.canvasWidth = canvasWidth;
        this.canvasHeight = canvasHeight;

        AlgoCanvas canvas = new AlgoCanvas();
        setContentPane(canvas);
        pack();

        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setResizable(false);

        setVisible(true);
    }

    public AlgoFrame(String title){

        this(title, 1024, 768);
    }

    public int getCanvasWidth(){return canvasWidth;}
    public int getCanvasHeight(){return canvasHeight;}

    // data
    private int[] money;
    public void render(int[] money){
        this.money = money;
        repaint();
    }

    private class AlgoCanvas extends JPanel{

        public AlgoCanvas(){
            // 双缓存
            super(true);
        }

        @Override
        public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);

            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g;

            // 抗锯齿
            RenderingHints hints = new RenderingHints(
                    RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
                    RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
            hints.put(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
            g2d.addRenderingHints(hints);

            // 具体绘制
            int w = canvasWidth / money.length;
            for(int i = 0 ; i < money.length ; i ++)
                if(money[i] > 0) {
                    AlgoVisHelper.setColor(g2d, AlgoVisHelper.Blue);
                    AlgoVisHelper.fillRectangle(g2d,
                            i * w + 1, canvasHeight / 2 - money[i], w - 1, money[i]);
                }
                else{
                    AlgoVisHelper.setColor(g2d, AlgoVisHelper.Red);
                    AlgoVisHelper.fillRectangle(g2d,
                            i * w + 1, canvasHeight / 2, w - 1, -money[i]);
                }
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize(){
            return new Dimension(canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
        }
    }
}

AlgoVisHelper.java

package Test;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.lang.InterruptedException;

public class AlgoVisHelper {

    private AlgoVisHelper(){}

    public static final Color Red = new Color(0xF44336);
    public static final Color Pink = new Color(0xE91E63);
    public static final Color Purple = new Color(0x9C27B0);
    public static final Color DeepPurple = new Color(0x673AB7);
    public static final Color Indigo = new Color(0x3F51B5);
    public static final Color Blue = new Color(0x2196F3);
    public static final Color LightBlue = new Color(0x03A9F4);
    public static final Color Cyan = new Color(0x00BCD4);
    public static final Color Teal = new Color(0x009688);
    public static final Color Green = new Color(0x4CAF50);
    public static final Color LightGreen = new Color(0x8BC34A);
    public static final Color Lime = new Color(0xCDDC39);
    public static final Color Yellow = new Color(0xFFEB3B);
    public static final Color Amber = new Color(0xFFC107);
    public static final Color Orange = new Color(0xFF9800);
    public static final Color DeepOrange = new Color(0xFF5722);
    public static final Color Brown = new Color(0x795548);
    public static final Color Grey = new Color(0x9E9E9E);
    public static final Color BlueGrey = new Color(0x607D8B);
    public static final Color Black = new Color(0x000000);
    public static final Color White = new Color(0xFFFFFF);


    public static void strokeCircle(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int r){

        Ellipse2D circle = new Ellipse2D.Double(x-r, y-r, 2*r, 2*r);
        g.draw(circle);
    }

    public static void fillCircle(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int r){

        Ellipse2D circle = new Ellipse2D.Double(x-r, y-r, 2*r, 2*r);
        g.fill(circle);
    }

    public static void strokeRectangle(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int w, int h){

        Rectangle2D rectangle = new Rectangle2D.Double(x, y, w, h);
        g.draw(rectangle);
    }

    public static void fillRectangle(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int w, int h){

        Rectangle2D rectangle = new Rectangle2D.Double(x, y, w, h);
        g.fill(rectangle);
    }

    public static void setColor(Graphics2D g, Color color){
        g.setColor(color);
    }

    public static void setStrokeWidth(Graphics2D g, int w){
        int strokeWidth = w;
        g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(strokeWidth, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND));
    }

    public static void pause(int t) {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(t);
        }
        catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println("Error sleeping");
        }
    }

    public static void putImage(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, String imageURL){

        ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(imageURL);
        Image image = icon.getImage();

        g.drawImage(image, x, y, null);
    }

    public static void drawText(Graphics2D g, String text, int centerx, int centery){

        if(text == null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Text is null in drawText function!");

        FontMetrics metrics = g.getFontMetrics();
        int w = metrics.stringWidth(text);
        int h = metrics.getDescent();
        g.drawString(text, centerx - w/2, centery + h);
    }

}

AlgoVisualizer.java

package Test;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class AlgoVisualizer {

    private static int DELAY = 10;
    private int[] money;
    private AlgoFrame frame;

    public AlgoVisualizer(int sceneWidth, int sceneHeight){

        // 初始化数据
        money = new int[100];
        for(int i = 0 ; i < money.length ; i ++)
            money[i] = 100;

        // 初始化视图
        EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
            frame = new AlgoFrame("Money Problem", sceneWidth, sceneHeight);
            new Thread(() -> {
                run();
            }).start();
        });
    }

    public void run(){

        while(true){

            // 改进2：排序
            Arrays.sort(money);
            frame.render(money);
            AlgoVisHelper.pause(DELAY);

            // 改进1：每一帧执行的轮数(快50倍)
            for(int k = 0 ; k < 50 ; k ++){
                for(int i = 0 ; i < money.length; i ++){
                    // 改进3：允许money为负值
                    //if(money[i] > 0){
                        int j = (int)(Math.random() * money.length);
                        money[i] -= 1;
                        money[j] += 1;
                    //}
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int sceneWidth = 1400;
        int sceneHeight = 1000;

        AlgoVisualizer vis = new AlgoVisualizer(sceneWidth, sceneHeight);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述
这个图我设计的比较简单,每个蓝色的柱形就代表每个人的财富.柱形的高度就代表拥有财富的多少.每个橙色的柱形就代表每个人欠下的钱.柱形的高度就代表负债的多少.
这个图直观地显示出就算随机分,每个人的财富也是不一样的,这里面甚至都没有掺杂任何外部影响因素.
这其实类似热力学里面的熵,随着事件的发展,是越来越趋近于无序的,熵也越来越大!
这个算法的可视化结果告诉我们:
1.很多事不能只凭借自己的主观臆断来推测,特别是概率问题,很多事的结果往往超乎你的认知.所以需要培养自己严谨求实的计算思维和逻辑思维,通过计算机程序来解决问题.这样才能更清晰地看出这个社会底层蕴含的深刻规律!
2.还是那个很简单的弯道超车的道理,要想超过和你同一起跑线的人(本题的情况就是)甚至比你起点更高的人,唯一的方法就是你需要比别人更多的努力和自律!

通过对这个算法的可视化我有了很深的感悟,更多的内容将在后续学习中继续补充!

29DCH

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随机模拟算法--分钱模拟问题可视化

详情见 http://www.sohu.com/a/159448526_499017最近在知乎上看到一个很有趣的问题：房间里有100个人，每人都有100元钱，他们在玩一个游戏。每轮游戏中，每个人都要拿出一元钱随机给另一个人，最后这100个人的财富分布是怎样的？这很显然是个概率问题,一般人凭直觉都会认为最后的财富分布每个人是相差不多的,但其实这个问题正好可以反映当下社会贫富差距的问题,这也告诉我...
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