在 Django 项目中,使用了 models.ForeignKey 将 Student 模型与 TestScore 模型关联,在 TestScore 模型中,使用了 studd 字段作为外键,指向 Student 模型的 user 字段。希望在 TestScore 表单中,能够显示学生的姓名,供用户选择。
在编写代码时,遇到了以下错误:
TypeError at /submiit_test/
coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, User found
2. 解决方案
问题的原因在于 TestScore 模型中 unicode 方法的定义。该方法用于将模型对象转换为字符串,在显示数据时使用。默认情况下,unicode 方法返回模型对象的 user 字段的值,即 User 模型的对象。但是,该值无法直接转换为字符串,因此导致了错误。
为了解决这个问题,需要在 TestScore 模型中重写 unicode 方法,将其改为返回学生的姓名。
class TestScore(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User)
studd = models.ForeignKey(Student)
year = models.CharField(max_length=20)
subject_1 = models.CharField(max_length=50, choices=SUBJECT_CHOICES)
score_1 = models.CharField(max_length=50)
subject_2 = models.CharField(max_length=50, choices=SUBJECT_CHOICES)
score_2 = models.CharField(max_length=50)
subject_3 = models.CharField(max_length=50, choices=SUBJECT_CHOICES)
score_3 = models.CharField(max_length=50)
def __unicode__(self):
return '%s %s' % (self.studd.first_name, self.studd.last_name)
在重写后的 unicode 方法中,通过 self.studd.first_name 和 self.studd.last_name 获取学生的姓名,并将其返回。这样,在显示数据时,就可以正常地显示学生的姓名了。
代码例子
# 在 TestScore 模型中
class TestScore(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User)
studd = models.ForeignKey(Student)
year = models.CharField(max_length=20)
subject_1 = models.CharField(max_length=50, choices=SUBJECT_CHOICES)
score_1 = models.CharField(max_length=50)
subject_2 = models.CharField(max_length=50, choices=SUBJECT_CHOICES)
score_2 = models.CharField(max_length=50)
subject_3 = models.CharField(max_length=50, choices=SUBJECT_CHOICES)
score_3 = models.CharField(max_length=50)
def __unicode__(self):
return '%s %s' % (self.studd.first_name, self.studd.last_name)
# 在视图函数中
def test_submit(request):
if request.method == "POST":
form = TestScoreForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if form.is_valid():
data = form.cleaned_data
newtest = TestScore(
user=request.user,
studd=data['studd'],
year=data['year'],
subject_1=data['subject_1'],
score_1=data['score_1'],
subject_2=data['subject_2'],
score_2=data['score_2'],
subject_3=data['subject_3'],
score_3=data['score_3'])
newtest.save()
return HttpResponse('thanks')
else:
return HttpResponse('fill the form correctly')
else:
return render_to_response('posttest.html', {'TestScoreForm': TestScoreForm, 'TestScore': TestScore},
context_instance=RequestContext(request))
上述代码解决了 TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, User found 的问题,现在可以在 TestScore 表单中正常显示学生姓名了。