解决Django多对多关系错误，避免“需要为字段“...”提供值，才能使用这个多对多关系”错误

在使用Django框架开发应用程序时，遇到一个多对多关系的错误：“需要为字段“…”提供值，才能使用这个多对多关系”。造成错误的原因是，在保存数据时，Django无法找到相关模型中的外键字段的值。

2、解决方案
解决方案有两种：

1. 使用 ModelForm
使用ModelForm可以自动生成表单，并且在保存数据时，会自动处理外键字段的值。具体步骤如下：

• 在models.py中定义模型：

class SurveyResult(models.Model):
    stay = models.OneToOneField(Stay, related_name='survey')
    created = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
    vote = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    vote_service = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    comment = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)

    def getThreads(self):
        return SurveyThread.objects.filter(parent_survey = self)

    threads = property(getThreads)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.vote and 'Good' or 'Bad'

    class Meta:
        get_latest_by = '-created'

class SurveyThread(models.Model):
    survey = models.ManyToManyField(SurveyResult, related_name='parent_survey')
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=200)
    comment = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)

• 在forms.py中定义表单：

from django.forms import ModelForm

class SurveyThreadForm(ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = SurveyThread
        fields = ['email', 'comment']

• 在views.py中使用表单：

def survey_view(request):
    survey_list = SurveyResult.objects.filter(stay__guest__user=request.user) \
                                      .select_related('stay', 'stay__guest')

    forms = {}
    for survey in survey_list:
      forms[survey] = SurveyThreadForm(data=request.POST or None, survey=survey)

      if forms[survey].is_valid():
        instance = forms[survey].save()
        return redirect('.')

2. 手动设置外键字段的值
如果不想使用ModelForm，也可以手动设置外键字段的值。具体步骤如下：

• 在models.py中定义模型：

class SurveyResult(models.Model):
    stay = models.OneToOneField(Stay, related_name='survey')
    created = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
    vote = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    vote_service = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    comment = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)

    def getThreads(self):
        return SurveyThread.objects.filter(parent_survey = self)

    threads = property(getThreads)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.vote and 'Good' or 'Bad'

    class Meta:
        get_latest_by = '-created'

class SurveyThread(models.Model):
    survey = models.ManyToManyField(SurveyResult, related_name='parent_survey', blank=True, null=True)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=200)
    comment = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)

• 在views.py中手动设置外键字段的值：

def survey_view(request):
    survey_list = SurveyResult.objects.filter(stay__guest__user=request.user) \
                                      .select_related('stay', 'stay__guest')

    forms = {}
    for survey in survey_list:
      forms[survey] = SurveyThreadForm(data=request.POST or None, survey=survey)

      if forms[survey].is_valid():
        instance = forms[survey].save(commit=False)
        instance.survey = survey
        instance.save()
        return redirect('.')

通过以上两种方法，可以解决Django中“需要为字段“…”提供值，才能使用这个多对多关系”的错误。