C++ Primer Plus第六版编程练习12.2解答

string2.h

// string2.h -- fixed and augmented string class definition

#ifndef STRING2_H_
#define STRING2_H_
#include <iostream>
using std::ostream;
using std::istream;

class String
{
private:
    char * str;             // pointer to string
    int len;                // length of string
    static int num_strings; // number of objects
    static const int CINLIM = 80;  // cin input limit
public:
// constructors and other methods
    String(const char * s); // constructor
    String();               // default constructor
    String(const String &); // copy constructor
    ~String();              // destructor
    int length () const {return len;}
// overloaded operator methods
    String & operator=(const String &);
    String & operator=(const char *);
    char & operator[](int i);
    const char & operator[](int i) const;
    void stringlow();
    void stringup();
    int has(char ch);
// overloaded operator friends
    friend String operator+(const String &st, const String &st2);
    friend bool operator<(const String &st, const String &st2);
    friend bool operator>(const String &st1, const String &st2);
    friend bool operator==(const String &st, const String &st2);
    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const String & st);
    friend istream & operator>>(istream & is, String & st);
// static function
    static int HowMany();
};
#endif

string2.cpp

// string2.cpp -- String class methods
#include <cstring>                 // string.h for some
#include "string2.h"               // includes <iostream>
#include <cctype>
using std::cin;
using std::cout;

// initializing static class member

int String::num_strings = 0;

// static method
int String::HowMany()
{
    return num_strings;
}

// class methods
String::String(const char * s)     // construct String from C string
{
    len = std::strlen(s);          // set size
    str = new char[len + 1];       // allot storage
    std::strcpy(str, s);           // initialize pointer
    num_strings++;                 // set object count
}

String::String()                   // default constructor
{
    len = 0;
    str = new char[1];
    str[0] = '\0';                 // default string
    num_strings++;
}

String::String(const String & st)
{
    num_strings++;             // handle static member update
    len = st.len;              // same length
    str = new char [len + 1];  // allot space
    std::strcpy(str, st.str);  // copy string to new location
}

String::~String()                     // necessary destructor
{
    --num_strings;                    // required
    delete [] str;                    // required
}

// overloaded operator methods

// assign a String to a String
String & String::operator=(const String & st)
{
    if (this == &st)
        return *this;
    delete [] str;
    len = st.len;
    str = new char[len + 1];
    std::strcpy(str, st.str);
    return *this;
}

// assign a C string to a String
String & String::operator=(const char * s)
{
    delete [] str;
    len = std::strlen(s);
    str = new char[len + 1];
    std::strcpy(str, s);
    return *this;
}

// read-write char access for non-const String
char & String::operator[](int i)
{
    return str[i];
}

// read-only char access for const String
const char & String::operator[](int i) const
{
    return str[i];
}

void String::stringlow()
{
    for(int i=0; i<len; i++)
    {
        if(isupper(str[i]))
            str[i]=tolower(str[i]);
    }
}

void String::stringup()
{
    for(int i=0; i<len; i++)
    {
        if(islower(str[i]))
           str[i]=toupper(str[i]);
    }
}

int String::has(char ch)
{
    int counts=0;
    for(int i=0; i<len; i++)
    {
        if(str[i]==ch)
            counts++;
    }
    return counts;
}

// overloaded operator friends

String operator+(const String &st, const String &st2)
{
    char * temp = new char [st.len+st2.len+1];
    std::strcpy(temp, st.str);
    std::strcat(temp, st2.str);
    String add(temp);
    return add;
}

bool operator<(const String &st1, const String &st2)
{
    return (std::strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) < 0);
}

bool operator>(const String &st1, const String &st2)
{
    return st2 < st1;
}

bool operator==(const String &st1, const String &st2)
{
    return (std::strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) == 0);
}

// simple String output
ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const String & st)
{
    os << st.str;
    return os;
}

// quick and dirty String input
istream & operator>>(istream & is, String & st)
{
    char temp[String::CINLIM];
    is.get(temp, String::CINLIM);
    if (is)
        st = temp;
    while (is && is.get() != '\n')
        continue;
    return is;
}

usestring2.cpp

#include "string2.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    String s1(" and I am a C++ student.");
    String s2="Please enter your name: ";
    String s3;
    cout<<s2;             //overloaded << operator
    cin>>s3;              //overloaded >> operator
    s2="My name is "+s3;  //overloaded =, + operators
    cout<<s2<<".\n";
    s2=s2+s1;
    s2.stringup();        //converts string to uppercase
    cout<<"The string\n"<<s2<<"\ncontians "<<s2.has('A')
        <<" 'A' characters in it.\n";
    s1="red";    //String(const char *)
    //then String & operator=(const String &)
    String rgb[3]= {String(s1), String("green"), String("blue")};
    cout<<"Enter the name of a primary color for mixing light: ";
    String ans;
    bool success=false;
    while(cin>>ans)
    {
        ans.stringlow();   //converts string to lowercase
        for(int i=0; i<3; i++)
        {
            if(ans==rgb[i])   //overloaded == operator
            {
                cout<<"That's right!\n";
                success=true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if(success)
            break;
        else
            cout<<"Try again!\n";
    }
    cout<<"Bye!\n";
    cin.get();
    return 0;
}