1.数据类型的宽度,可能受到不同语言和不同操作系统的影响。C++只做了最小宽度的限制。
short至少是16位
int至少和short一样长
long至少是32位
long long至少是64位,至少和long一样长
检测多少字节的代码。还是直接运行的好。猜测再多都是会错的。我的是64位windows7,Visual Studio 2013.
- std::cout << "int size: " << sizeof(int) << std::endl;//整形,4个字节
- std::cout << "short size: " << sizeof(short) << std::endl;//短整形,2个字节
- std::cout << "long size: " << sizeof(long) << std::endl;//长整形,4个字节,跟int一样,怪不得从未用过
- std::cout << "long long size: " << sizeof(long long) << std::endl;//long long,8个字节
- std::cout << "int min:" << INT_MIN << std::endl;
- std::cout << "int max:" << INT_MAX << std::endl;
- std::cout << "short min:" << SHRT_MIN << std::endl;
- std::cout << "short max: " << SHRT_MAX << std::endl;
- std::cout << "long min:" << LONG_MIN << std::endl;
- std::cout << "long max:" << LONG_MAX << std::endl;
- std::cout << "long long min:" << LLONG_MIN << std::endl;
- std::cout << "long long max:" << LLONG_MAX << std::endl;
- std::cout << "char bits" << CHAR_BIT << std::endl;//8位
2.int的长度为计算机处理效率最高的长度,也叫自然长度。一般使用int。
3.如果第一位是1-9,基数是10. 例如:123456.
如果第一位是0,第二位是1-7,则基数是8,例如024,等于十进制的20.(有效值是0-7)
如果第一位是0,第二位是x或者X,则基数是16,例如0x16,等于十进制的22.(有效值是0-9,a-f)
- int a = 0423;
- int b = 00023;
- int c = 0xa2;
无论字面值是10进制、8进制还是16进制,都是以2进制保存的
3.浮点型,相关参数在float.h
- std::cout << "float size:" << sizeof(float) << std::endl;//单精度,4个字节
- std::cout << "double size:" << sizeof(double) << std::endl;//双精度,8个字节
- std::cout << "long double size:" << sizeof( long double) << std::endl;//长浮点型,8个字节
3.6复习题
- //3.6 复习题
- // 1.在不同场合下提供不同的数据类型,根据精确度,取值范围,存储方式来考虑吧。在旧时代的计算机中对数据类型限制很大。
- //而在现在日常使用的软件中,对这方面要求都不是很大限制了。否则也不会出现弱类型的语言了。
- // 2.
- short a = 80;
- unsigned b = 42110;
- long long c = 3000000000;
- // 3.C++没有提供自动防止越界的功能,超过了就变负了,真是阳极生阴,阴阳倒转,哈哈。
- //可以使用climits头文件来检测,不过我觉得这个检测有个鸟用,这个头文件是用来看的,不是用来算的。
- // 4.33L是long,33是int
- // 5.对于使用ASCII码的系统来说是等价的,如果不支持的话,就不知道了。而且一个是int,一个是char。
- // 6.
- char c88 = 88;
- std::cout << c88 << std::endl;//直接输出
- std::cout.put(c88);//put函数
- std::cout << char(88) << std::endl;//新构造一个char
- std::cout << (char)88 << std::endl;//强制转换
- // 7.这个问题取决于两个类型的长度。按照我电脑的情况,long是4字节,double是8字节,long long是8字节。
- //long最大值是21亿多,10位数,longlong是19位数。double只有13个有效数字。所以long是不会爆的。longlong就有可能爆了。
- // 8.a74,b4,c0,d4.5, e3.
- // 9.
- double _9a = 1.5;
- double _9b = 1.6;
- int _9c = int(_9a) + int(_9b);//2
- int _9d = int(_9a + _9b);//3
- // 10.a int, b float, c char, d char32_t, e double
3.7 编程练习
- //1
- const int CHANGE_FT_TO_IN = 12;//1英尺=12英寸
- const double CHANGE_IN_TO_M = 0.0254;//1英寸 = 0.00254米
- const double CHANGE_KG_TO_LB = 2.2;//1千克 = 2.2磅
- const double CHANGE_DEGREE_TO_MINUTE = 60;//一度为60分
- const double CHANGE_MINUTE_TO_SECOND = 60;//1分60秒
- void _3_7_1()
- {
- int heightCm;
- std::cout << "Please input your height(in):______\b\b\b\b\b\b";//\b表示将光标退一格,输入的时候就会覆盖掉_
- std::cin >> heightCm;
- std::cout << "Your height:" << heightCm / CHANGE_FT_TO_IN << "m " << heightCm % CHANGE_FT_TO_IN << "cm" << std::endl;
- }
- //2
- void _3_7_2()
- {
- int ft = 0;//英尺数
- int in = 0;//英寸数
- int lb = 0;//磅数
- std::cout << "Please input your height(x ft and y in):"<<std::endl;
- std::cout << "ft:______\b\b\b\b\b\b";
- std::cin >> ft;
- std::cout << "in:______\b\b\b\b\b\b";
- std::cin >> in;
- std::cout << "Please input your weight(lb):______\b\b\b\b\b\b";
- std::cin >> lb;
- double kg = lb / CHANGE_KG_TO_LB;
- double m = (ft * CHANGE_FT_TO_IN + in) * CHANGE_IN_TO_M;
- double bmi = kg / (m*m);
- std::cout << "BMI:" << bmi << std::endl;
- }
- //3
- void _3_7_3()
- {
- int degree = 0;//度
- int minute = 0;//分
- int second = 0;//秒
- std::cout << "Enter a latitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds:" << std::endl;
- std::cout << "First: enter the degrees:";
- std::cin >> degree;
- std::cout << "Next, enter the minutes of arc:";
- std::cin >> minute;
- std::cout << "Finally, enter the seconds of arc:";
- std::cin >> second;
- double totalDegree = degree + minute / CHANGE_DEGREE_TO_MINUTE + second / CHANGE_MINUTE_TO_SECOND / CHANGE_DEGREE_TO_MINUTE;
- std::cout << degree << " degrees, " << minute << " minutes, " << second << " seconds = " << totalDegree <<" degrees" << std::endl;
- }
- //4
- void _3_7_4()
- {
- int totalSecond = 0;
- std::cout << "Enter the number of seconds:";
- std::cin >> totalSecond;
- int num = totalSecond;
- int seconds = num % 60;//秒数
- num /= 60;//总的分钟数
- int minutes = num % 60;//分钟数
- num /= 60;//总的小时数
- int hours = num % 24;//小时数
- num /= 24;//总天数
- std::cout << totalSecond << " seconds = " << num << " days, " << hours << " hours, "
- << minutes << " minutes, " << seconds << " seconds.\n";
- }
- //5
- void _3_7_5()
- {
- double totalNum = 0;
- double num = 0;
- while (true)
- {
- std::cout << "Enter the world's population:";
- std::cin >> totalNum;
- if (totalNum > 0)
- {
- break;
- }
- }
- std::cout << "Enter the population of the US:";
- std::cin >> num;
- std::cout << "The population of the US is " << num / totalNum * 100
- <<"% of the world population";
- }
- //6
- void _3_7_6()
- {
- double km = 0;
- double l = 0;
- std::cout << "Enter the km:";
- std::cin >> km;
- std::cout << "Enter the l:";
- std::cin >> l;
- if (l <= 0)
- {
- std::cout << "Enter error";
- }
- std::cout << km / l <<"km/L";
- }
- //7
- void _3_7_7()
- {
- double km = 0;
- double l = 0;
- std::cout << "Enter the km:";
- std::cin >> km;
- std::cout << "Enter the l:";
- std::cin >> l;
- if (l <= 0)
- {
- std::cout << "Enter error";
- }
- std::cout << km / l << "km/L\n";
- double mi = km * 0.6214;
- double gal = l / 3.875;
- std::cout << gal / mi << "gal/mi\n";
- }