C++ Primer Plus（第六版）第三章编程练习答案

1. 编写一个小程序。要求用户使用一个整数指出自己的身高（单位为英寸），然后将身高转换为英尺和英寸。该程序使用下划线字符来指示输入位置。另外，使用一个const符号常量来表示转换因子。
注：1英尺=12英寸。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

const int Factor = 12;

int main() {
    int height;
    cout << "Please enter the height (in inches):___\b\b\b ";
    cin >> height;
    cout << "Your height is " << height / 12 << " inches " <<
        height % 12 << " feets." << endl;
    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

2. 编写一个小程序，要求以几英尺几英寸的方式输入其身高，并以磅为单位输入其体重。（使用3个变量来存储这些信息。）该程序报告其BMI（Body Mass Index，体重指数）。为了计算BMI，该程序以英寸的方式指出用户的身高（1英尺为12英寸），并将 以英寸为单位的身高转换为以米为单位的身高（1英寸=0.0254米)。然后，将以磅为单位的体重转换为以千克为单位的体重（1千克= 2.2磅）。最后，计算相应的BMI——体重（千克）除以身高（米）的平方。用符号常量表示各种转换因子。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

const int Feet_inches = 12;
const float Inches_meter = 0.0254;
const float Kg_pound = 2.2;

int main() {
    float feets, inches, pounds;
    cout << "Please enter your height(feets and inches):";
    cin >> feets >> inches;
    cout << "Please enter your weight(pounds): ";
    cin >> pounds;

    float total_inches, meter, kg, BMI;
    total_inches = feets * Feet_inches + inches;
    meter = total_inches * Inches_meter;
    kg = pounds * Kg_pound;
    BMI = kg / (meter * meter);
    cout << "Your BMI is " << BMI << endl;
    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

3. 编写一个程序，要求用户以度、分、秒的方式输入一个纬度，然后以度为单位显示该纬度。1度为60分，1分等于60秒，请以符号常量的方式表示这些值。对于每个输入值，应使用一个独立的变量存储它。下面是该程序运行时的情况：
Enter a latitude in degrees , minutes, and seconds:
First , enter the degrees: 37
Next , enter the minutes of arc: 51
Finally, enter the seconds of arc 19;
37 degrees , 51minutes , 19 seconds = 37.8553 degrees

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

const int Deg_min = 60;
const int Min_sec = 60;

int main() {
    cout << "Enter a latitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds:\n";
    float degrees, minutes, seconds;
    cout << "First, enter the degrees: ";
    cin >> degrees;
    cout << "Next, enter the minutes of arc: ";
    cin >> minutes;
    cout << "Finally, enter the seconds of arc: ";
    cin >> seconds;
    cout << degrees << " degrees, " << minutes << " minutes, " << seconds << " seconds = "
        << (degrees + minutes / Deg_min + seconds / Min_sec / Deg_min) << " degrees\n";
    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

4. 编写一个程序，要求用户以整数方式输入秒数（使用long或long long变量存储），然后以天、小时、分钟和秒的方式显示这段时间。使用符号常量来表示每天有多少小时、每小时有多少分钟一集每分钟有多少秒。该程序的输出应与下列类似：
Enter the number of seconds: 31600000
31600000 seconds = 365 days, 17 hours , 46 minutes , 40 seconds

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

const int DAY_TO_HOUR = 24;
const int HOUR_TO_MINUTES = 60;
const int MINUTES_TO_SECONDS = 60;

int main() {
    long number;
    cout << "Enter the number of seconds: ";
    cin >> number;
    int days, hours, minutes, seconds;
    int number_remain;
    days = number / (MINUTES_TO_SECONDS * HOUR_TO_MINUTES * DAY_TO_HOUR);
    number_remain = number % (MINUTES_TO_SECONDS * HOUR_TO_MINUTES * DAY_TO_HOUR);
    hours = number_remain / (HOUR_TO_MINUTES * MINUTES_TO_SECONDS);
    number_remain = number_remain % (HOUR_TO_MINUTES * MINUTES_TO_SECONDS);
    minutes = number_remain / (MINUTES_TO_SECONDS);
    seconds = number_remain % (MINUTES_TO_SECONDS);
    cout << number << " seconds = " << days << " days, " << hours <<
          " hours, " << minutes << " minutes, " << seconds << " secondes\n";
    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

5. 编写一个程序，要求用户输入全球当前的人口和美国当前的人口（或其他国家的人口）。将这些信息存储在long long变量中，并让程序显示美国（或其他国家）的人口占全球人口的百分比。该程序的输出应与下面类似:
Enter the world’s population: 6898758899
Enter the population of the US: 310783781
The population of the US is 4.50492% of the world population.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    long long world, us;
    cout << "Enter the world's population: ";
    cin >> world;
    cout << "Enter the population of the US: ";
    cin >> us;
    cout << "The population of the US is " << (double(us) / double(world) * 100)
        << "% of the world population.\n";
    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

6. 编写一个程序，要求用户输入驱车里程（英里）和使用汽油量（加仑），然后指出汽车耗油量为一加仑的里程。如果愿意，也可以让程序要求用户以公里为单位输入距离，并以升为单位输入汽油量，然后指出欧洲风格的结果——即每100公里的耗油量（升）。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    float miles, gallons;
    cout << "Please enter the distance(mile): ";
    cin >> miles;
    cout << "Please enter the gasoline amount(gallon): ";
    cin >> gallons;
    cout << "Wasting a gallon gasoline run " << miles / gallons << " miles.\n";
    int number;
    cout << "Do you want to know how much oil is consumed per 100 kilometers?"
        " if you want, please enter 1: ";
    cin >> number;
    if (number == 1) {
        float kilometers, liter;
        cout << "Please enter the distance(kilometer):";
        cin >> kilometers;
        cout << "Please enter the gasoline amount(liter):";
        cin >> liter;
        cout << "Wasting gasoline per 100 kilometers is " << liter / kilometers * 100
            << " liters." << endl;
    }
    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

7. 编写一个程序，要求用户按欧洲风格输入汽车的耗油量（每100公里消耗的汽油（升）），然后将其转换为美国风格的耗油量——每加仑多少英里。注意，除了使用不同的单位计量外，美国方法（距离/燃料)与欧洲方法（燃料/距离）相反。100公里等于62.14英里，1加仑等于3.875升。因此，19mpg大约合12.41/100km, 27mpg大约合8.71/100km。

注：该处127mpg大约合8.71/100km有问题，而是27mpg大约合8.71/100km。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

const float KILO100_TO_MILE = 62.14;
const float GALLON_TO_LITER = 3.875;

int main() {
    float european;
    cout << "Please enter European style fuel consumption: ";
    cin >> european;
    float gallon, miles;
    gallon = european / GALLON_TO_LITER;
    miles = KILO100_TO_MILE;
    cout << miles / gallon << " mpg = " << european << "l/100km.\n";
    system("pause");

    return 0;
}