安装其他版本gcc的办法

查找gcc版本

apt search gcc > gcc.txt
apt-cache search gcc
aptitude search gcc
通过以上指令可以查看有哪些gcc版本可供下载

从gcc.txt中搜索gcc-会看到各个版本的gcc, 选择自己想安装, 不存在则切换镜像源

切换到国内的源

切换到国内的源是因为国内镜像下载速度快, 另一个原因是可能不存在想要的gcc版本

备份下载源

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

选择镜像源

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

清华大学镜像源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security universe
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security multiverse

中科大镜像源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security universe
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security multiverse

阿里云镜像源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security multiverse

在此我选择阿里云的源

更新

sudo apt update

指定版本安装

sudo apt install gcc-7 g++-7

查看已安装的版本

dpkg -l | grep gcc | awk '{print $2}'

擦除掉软链接

sudo update-alternatives --remove-all gcc
sudo update-alternatives --remove-all g++

创建软链接信息

格式:
sudo update-alternatives: --install <链接> <名称> <路径> <优先级>

# gcc
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-7 2
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-13 1

# g++
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-7 2
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-13 1

切换gcc版本

sudo update-alternatives --config gcc

参考

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/592334233?utm_id=0