算法导论-第12章-二叉搜索树：随机二叉搜索树数据结构C++实现（前中后序遍历，插入，搜索，前后毗邻元素，最大最小值）

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <random>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

struct Node {
	int key{};
	Node* left_son{ nullptr };
	Node* right_son{ nullptr };
	Node* parent{ nullptr };
};

class BinarySearchTree {
public:
	BinarySearchTree(vector<int> v);
	~BinarySearchTree() { delete root; };
	void insert(int key);
	void randomize_built_tree(int[], int[]);
	void inorder_tree_walk_recursion(Node* node);
	void preorder_tree_walk_recursion(Node* node);
	void postorder_tree_walk_recursion(Node* node);
	int maximum(Node* _root);
	int minimum(Node* _root);
	Node* search(Node* _root, int key);
	Node* successor(int key);
	Node* predecessor(int key);
	Node* getRoot() { return root; }
private:
	Node* root;
	size_t size;
};

BinarySearchTree::BinarySearchTree(vector<int> v) : root{ nullptr }, size{ v.size() } {
	int* A = new int[size];
	int* select_flag = new int[size] {};
	int index{};
	for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), [=](int x)mutable{ A[index++] = x; });
	randomize_built_tree(A, select_flag);
	delete[]A;
	delete[]select_flag;
}

void BinarySearchTree::insert(int key) {
	if (!root) {
		root = new Node;
		root->key = key;
		return;
	}
	else {
		Node* tmp = nullptr;
		Node* tmp_parent = nullptr;
		bool is_set_aside_left = false;
		tmp = root;
		while (tmp) {
			if (key <= tmp->key) {
				tmp_parent = tmp;
				tmp = tmp->left_son;
				is_set_aside_left = true;
			}
			else {
				tmp_parent = tmp;
				tmp = tmp->right_son;
				is_set_aside_left = false;
			}
		}
		if (is_set_aside_left) {
			tmp = new Node;
			tmp->key = key;
			tmp->parent = tmp_parent;
			tmp_parent->left_son = tmp;
			return;
		}
		else {
			tmp = new Node;
			tmp->key = key;
			tmp->parent = tmp_parent;
			tmp_parent->right_son = tmp;
			return;
		}
	}
}

void BinarySearchTree::randomize_built_tree(int A[], int select_flag[]) {
	random_device rd{};
	default_random_engine e{ rd() };
	uniform_int_distribution<int> u{};
	bool flag = false;
	while (true) {
		size_t index = static_cast<size_t>(round(round(u(e)))) % size;
		for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
			if (!select_flag[i]) {
				flag = true;
				if (i == index) {
					select_flag[index] = 1;
					insert(A[index]);
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		if (!flag) {
			return;
		}
		else{
			flag = false;
		}
	}
}

void BinarySearchTree::inorder_tree_walk_recursion(Node* node) {
	if (node) {
		inorder_tree_walk_recursion(node->left_son);
		cout << node->key << "  ";
		inorder_tree_walk_recursion(node->right_son);
	}
}

void BinarySearchTree::preorder_tree_walk_recursion(Node* node) {
	if (node) {
		cout << node->key << "  ";
		inorder_tree_walk_recursion(node->left_son);
		inorder_tree_walk_recursion(node->right_son);
	}
}

void BinarySearchTree::postorder_tree_walk_recursion(Node* node) {
	if (node) {
		postorder_tree_walk_recursion(node->left_son);
		postorder_tree_walk_recursion(node->right_son);
		cout << node->key << "  ";
	}
}

int BinarySearchTree::minimum(Node* _root) {
	Node* node = _root;
	Node* result = nullptr;
	while (node) {
		result = node;
		node = node->left_son;
	}
	return result->key;
}

int BinarySearchTree::maximum(Node* _root) {
	Node* node = _root;
	Node* result = nullptr;
	while (node) {
		result = node;
		node = node->right_son;
	}
	return result->key;
}

Node* BinarySearchTree::search(Node* _root, int key) {
	Node* node = _root;
	while (node) {
		if (key == node->key) {
			return node;
		}
		else if (key < node->key) {
			node = node->left_son;
		}
		else {
			node = node->right_son;
		}
	}
	return node;
}

Node* BinarySearchTree::successor(int key) {
	Node* node = search(root, key);
	Node* parent = nullptr;
	if (!node) {
		return nullptr;
	}
	else {
		if (node->right_son) {
			search(node->right_son, minimum(node->right_son));
		}
		else {
			parent = node->parent;
			while (parent && node == parent->right_son) {
				node = parent;
				parent = parent->parent;
			}
			return parent;
		}
	}
}

Node* BinarySearchTree::predecessor(int key) {
	Node* node = search(root, key);
	Node* parent = nullptr;
	if (!node) {
		return nullptr;
	}
	else {
		if (node->left_son) {
			search(node->left_son, maximum(node->left_son));
		}
		else {
			parent = node->parent;
			while (parent && node == parent->left_son) {
				node = parent;
				parent = parent->parent;
			}
			return parent;
		}
	}
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
	vector<int> v{};
	int elememt{};
	cout << "please enter the elements :" << endl;
	while (cin >> elememt) {
		v.push_back(elememt);
	}
	BinarySearchTree bst{ v };
	cout << "bst preorder walk: " << endl;
	bst.preorder_tree_walk_recursion(bst.getRoot());
	cout << endl;
	cout << "bst inorder walk: " << endl;
	bst.inorder_tree_walk_recursion(bst.getRoot());
	cout << endl;
	cout << "bst postorder walk: " << endl;
	bst.postorder_tree_walk_recursion(bst.getRoot());
	cout << endl;
	cin.clear();
	cin.ignore(10000, '\n');
	int key;
	cout << "please choose the key you want to find its' predecessor and successor :" << endl;
	while (cin >> key) {
		Node* pNode = bst.predecessor(key);
		Node* sNode = bst.successor(key);
		if (!pNode) {
			cout << "no predecessor" << endl;
		}
		else {
			cout << "predecessor :" << pNode->key << endl;
		}
		if (!sNode) {
			cout << "no successor" << endl;
		}
		else {
			cout << "successor :" << sNode->key << endl;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}