java中的反射

是在运行时动态访问类和对象的技术

在JDK1.2版本之后的高级特性，隶属于java.lang.reflect

核心类

Class类

• Class类是JVM中代表“类和接口”的类
• Class对象具体包含了某个特定类的结构信息
• 通过Class可以获取对应类的构造方法/方法/成员变量

方法	用途
Class.forName()	静态方法，用于获取指定Class对象
classObj.newInstance()	通过默认构造方法创建新的对象
classObj.getConstructor()	获取指定的public修饰构造方法Constructor对象
classObj.getMethod()	获取指定的public修饰方法Method对象
classObj.getField()	获取指定的public修饰成员变量Field对象

public class ClassSample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Class employee = Class.forName("shop.dragon.reflect.Employee");
            Employee emp = (Employee)employee.newInstance();
            System.out.println(emp);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

Method类核心方法

方法	用途
classObj.getMethod()	获取指定public修饰的方法对象
methodObj.invoke()	调用指定对象的对应方法

public class MethSample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Class employeeClass = Class.forName("shop.dragon.reflect.Employee");
            Constructor constructor = employeeClass.getConstructor(new Class[]{
                    Integer.class,String.class,Float.class,String.class
            });
            Employee emp = (Employee)constructor.newInstance(new Object[]{
                    100,"李磊",3000f,"研发部"
            });
            Method updateSalary = employeeClass.getMethod("updateSalary", Float.class);
            Employee employee1 = (Employee)updateSalary.invoke(emp, new Object[]{
                    1000f
            });
            System.out.println(employee1);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }

    }
}

Field成员变量类

方法	用途
classObj.getField()	获取指定的public修饰的成员变量对象
fieldObj.set()	为某个对象指定成员变量赋值
fieldObj.get()	获取某个对象指定成员变量数值

public class FieldSample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Class employeeClass = Class.forName("shop.dragon.reflect.Employee");
            Constructor constructor = employeeClass.getConstructor(new Class[]{
                    Integer.class, String.class, Float.class, String.class
            });
             Employee emp1 = (Employee) constructor.newInstance(new Object[]{
                    100, "李明", 1000f, "研发部"
            });
            Field enameField = employeeClass.getField("ename");
            String ename = (String) enameField.get(emp1);
            System.out.println(ename);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

getDeclared系列方法

getDeclaredConstructor(s)|Method(s)|Field(s)

相比于前面的可以获取private修饰的方法或变量。

public class getDeclaredSample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Class employeeClass = Class.forName("shop.dragon.reflect.Employee");
            Constructor constructor = employeeClass.getConstructor(new Class[]{
                    Integer.class, String.class, Float.class, String.class
            });
            Employee emp1 = (Employee) constructor.newInstance(new Object[]{
                    100, "黎明", 1002f, "销售部"
            });
            Field[] declaredFields = employeeClass.getDeclaredFields();
            for (Field declaredField : declaredFields) {

                if (declaredField.getModifiers() == 1) {
                    /**
                     * public修饰
                     */
                    Object val = declaredField.get(emp1);
                    System.out.println(declaredField.getName() + ":" + val);
                } else if (declaredField.getModifiers() == 2) {
                    /**
                     * private修饰
                     */
                    Method method = employeeClass.getMethod("get" + declaredField.getName().substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
                            + declaredField.getName().substring(1));
                    Object ret = method.invoke(emp1);
                    System.out.println(declaredField.getName() + ":" + ret);
                }
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

获取properties文件

config.properties文件

language = zh-cn

Application为类名

Properties properties = new Properties();
String configPath = Applictation.class.getResource("/config.properties");
configPath = new URLDecoder().decode(configPath, "UTF-8");
properties.load(new FileInputStream(configPath));
String language = properties.getProperty("language");
...