Servlet之HttpSession对象详解

HttpSession

HttpSession 服务端的技术
服务器会为每一个用户 创建一个独立的HttpSession

HttpSession原理
当用户第一次访问Servlet时,服务器端会给用户创建一个独立的Session
并且生成一个SessionID,这个SessionID在响应浏览器的时候会被装进cookie中,从而被保存到浏览器中
当用户再一次访问Servlet时,请求中会携带着cookie中的SessionID去访问
服务器会根据这个SessionID去查看是否有对应的Session对象
有就拿出来使用;没有就创建一个Session(相当于用户第一次访问)

域的范围:
    Context域 > Session域 > Request域
    Session域 只要会话不结束就会存在 但是Session有默认的存活时间(30分钟)

使用Session保存数据

    public class Demo01 extends HttpServlet {
        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

            // 获取参数
            String username = request.getParameter("username");

            // 获取session对象
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
            // 保存数据
            session.setAttribute("username", username);
            // 打印SessionID
            System.out.println(session.getId());
        }

        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(request, response);
        }

    }

测试获取Session域中的数据

    public class Demo02 extends HttpServlet {

        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
            String username = (String)session.getAttribute("username");
            // 响应到网页上
            response.getWriter().write(username + " " + session.getId());
        }

        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(request, response);
        }

    }

模拟购物车

Session
钝化：服务器停止时,如果你的Session中保存了对象 并且该对象实现了序列化接口Serializable
系统会把你保存的Session序列化到 服务器的work文件夹你的工程下的一个文件
活化：当你重新启动了服务器 系统会重新把钝化下来的那个文件加载回Session中

商品类

    public class Book implements Serializable{
        /**
         * 
         */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        private String id;
        private String name;
        public Book() {
            super();
        }
        public Book(String id, String name) {
            super();
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
        }
        public String getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(String id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "[图书编号:" + id + ", 图书名:" + name + "]";
        }

    }

模拟数据类

    public class BookUtil {
        // 声明一个保存书的容器
        private static HashMap<String, Book> books = new HashMap<>();

        // 添加数据
        static {
            books.put("1", new Book("1", "葵花宝典"));
            books.put("2", new Book("2", "辟邪剑谱"));
            books.put("3", new Book("3", "九阴真经"));
            books.put("4", new Book("4", "如来神掌"));
        }

        // 获取集合的方法
        public static HashMap<String, Book> getBooks() {
            return books;
        }
        // 按id查找对应的书
        public static Book findBookById(String id) {
            return books.get(id);
        }
    }

展示商品列表(Servlet)

    public class ShowAllBooks extends HttpServlet {

        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            // 获取全部图书
            HashMap<String, Book> books = BookUtil.getBooks();
            // 遍历
            Set<String> keySet = books.keySet();
            for (String key : keySet) {
                Book book = books.get(key);
                out.write("<a href='"+ request.getContextPath() +"/addBook?id="+book.getId()+"'>"+book.getName()+"</a><br>");
            }
            // 添加查看购物车的链接
            out.write("<a href='" + request.getContextPath() + "/showCar'>查看购物车</a>");

            // 设置session有效时间
            // request.getSession().setMaxInactiveInterval(5);
        }

        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(request, response);
        }

    }

添加图书(Servlet)

    public class AddBook extends HttpServlet {

        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

            // 获取参数(获取点击的是哪本书)
            String id = request.getParameter("id");
            Book book = BookUtil.findBookById(id);
            // 创建一个容器(相当于购物车 保存买的书)
            // 两种情况 1.已经存过书了 2.没存过
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
            ArrayList<Book> car = (ArrayList<Book>)session.getAttribute("car");
            if (car == null) {
                // 相当于第一次访问 创建容器
                car = new ArrayList<>();
            }
            // 把书添加到容器中
            car.add(book);
            // 把这个容器添加到session中
            session.setAttribute("car", car);
            // 显示添加成功
            response.getWriter().write("添加成功");
            // 一秒后返回商品列表页
            response.setHeader("refresh", "1;url=" + request.getContextPath() + "/showAllBooks");
        }

        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(request, response);
        }

    }

查看购物车(Servlet)

    public class ShowCar extends HttpServlet {

        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
            ArrayList<Book> car = (ArrayList<Book>)session.getAttribute("car");
            if (car != null) {
                // 遍历输出
                for (Book book : car) {
                    out.write(book.getName() + "<br>");
                }
            } else {
                out.write("购物车是空的");
                // 两秒跳转图书列表
                response.setHeader("refresh", "2;url=" + request.getContextPath() + "/showAllBooks");
            }
        }

        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(request, response);
        }

    }

验证码

验证码(使用jar包 ValidateCode.jar)

    public class CodeServlert extends HttpServlet {
        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            // 使用jar生成验证码
            ValidateCode vCode = new ValidateCode(100, 25, 4, 9);
            // 通过响应中字节流写回网页
            vCode.write(response.getOutputStream());
        }
        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(request, response);
        }
    }