windows消息机制

目前理解的windows消息机制是：

消息产生（点击按钮）-> 消息循环（消息队列）-> 消息处理

windows有一个系统消息队列，为每一个应用程序分配一个应用程序消息队列，保存各种窗口消息

这里通过VS自带的win32应用demo来了解windows消息机制：

// rc_test.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "rc_test.h"

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

// Global Variables:
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // current instance
WCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                  // The title bar text
WCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];            // the main window class name

// Forward declarations of functions included in this code module:
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     _In_ LPWSTR    lpCmdLine,
                     _In_ int       nCmdShow)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);

    // TODO: Place code here.

    // Initialize global strings
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDC_RC_TEST, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    MyRegisterClass(hInstance);

    // Perform application initialization:
    if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    HACCEL hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_RC_TEST));

    MSG msg;

    // Main message loop:
    while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0))
    {
        if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
}



//
//  FUNCTION: MyRegisterClass()
//
//  PURPOSE: Registers the window class.
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEXW wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;  //指定该窗口的消息事件处理函数
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    HICON htestIcon =        LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_RC_TEST));
    if (htestIcon == NULL)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, _T("加载图标失败"), _T("错误"), MB_ICONERROR);
        return ATOM();
    }

    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_RC_TEST));    //任务栏图标
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);                        //鼠标光标（箭头，等待）
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW +1);                            //窗口背景颜色
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = MAKEINTRESOURCEW(IDC_RC_TEST);
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL)); //标题栏小图标

    //注册窗口类
    return RegisterClassExW(&wcex);
}

//
//   FUNCTION: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
//   PURPOSE: Saves instance handle and creates main window
//
//   COMMENTS:
//
//        In this function, we save the instance handle in a global variable and
//        create and display the main program window.
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
   hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable

   //HWND hWnd = CreateWindowW(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
   //   CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr);
   //创建窗口
   HWND hWnd = CreateWindowW(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
       100, 100, 500, 500, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr);

   if (!hWnd)
   {
      return FALSE;
   }

   //显示窗口，nCmdShow控制窗口如何显示：SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED表示最大化显示
   ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
   //直接发送WM_PAINT消息到指定窗口的窗口处理程序，不经过应用队列
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   return TRUE;
}

//
//  FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
//  PURPOSE:  Processes messages for the main window.
//
//  WM_COMMAND  - process the application menu
//  WM_PAINT    - Paint the main window
//  WM_DESTROY  - post a quit message and return
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_COMMAND:
        {
            int wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
            // Parse the menu selections:
            switch (wmId)
            {
            case IDM_ABOUT:
                DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
                break;
            case IDM_EXIT:
                DestroyWindow(hWnd);
                break;
            case IDS_STRING1001:
                MessageBox(NULL, _T("HELLO"), _T("WORLD"), MB_ICONHAND);
                break;
            default:
                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
            }
        }
        break;
    case WM_PAINT:
        {
            PAINTSTRUCT ps;
            HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            // TODO: Add any drawing code that uses hdc here...
            EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        }
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// Message handler for about box.
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam);
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_INITDIALOG:
        return (INT_PTR)TRUE;

    case WM_COMMAND:
        if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
        {
            EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
            return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
        }
        break;
    }
    return (INT_PTR)FALSE;
}

第一步首先是注册主窗口，在MyRegisterClass函数里，指定了该窗口的处理函数。窗口消息的分发处理在WndProc这个函数完成；

    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;  //指定该窗口的消息事件处理函数

第二步是窗口的创建显示；

第三步是消息循环：循环获取消息并分发消息；

    // Main message loop:
    while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0))
    {
        if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    }

第四步是窗口处理程序WndProc；

WndProc:
窗口创建的时候，销毁的时候，resize，move，minimize都会调用WndProc

用户不处理的消息交给DefWindowProc处理

• 队列消息：    键盘，鼠标，定时器，repaint（WM_PAINT），quit（WM_QUIT）
• 非队列消息：非队列消息通常由windows函数调用产生，例如：CreateWindow（WM_CREATE）, UpdateWindow（WM_PAINT）

注意：键盘或鼠标消息会生成非队列消息，例如鼠标点击菜单栏某项目时，会产生非队列消息WM_COMMAND。

 

窗口被挡住后又出现，windows会要求程序重绘

用户不处理的WM_PAINT消息要传给DefWindowProc处理

    case WM_PAINT:
    {
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    }
BeginPaint和EndPaint之间没有内容，用来验证之前无效的区域。