【牛客】幸运数字II题解

原题链接

题目描述

定义一个数字为幸运数字当且仅当它的所有数位都是4或者7。
比如说，47、744、4都是幸运数字而5、17、467都不是。
定义next(x)为大于等于x的第一个幸运数字。给定l，r，请求出next(l) + next(l + 1) + … + next(r - 1) + next( r )。

输入描述:

两个整数l和r (1 <= l <= r <= 1000,000,000)。

输出描述:

一个数字表示答案。

示例1

输入
2 7
输出
33

示例2

输入
7 7
输出
7

思路

打表，写一个求出1 ~ 1000,000,000 之间所有的幸运数字，放到一个block[ ]数组里，显而易见，next(1000000000)为4444444444， 所以将它再加到数组末尾。

注意

1. 如果从l ,r每个数都要求的话，会超时，我们观察发现，两个幸运数字间的所有数的next值都是小的那个幸运数字，比如4 和 7之间的所有数（不包括7）的next值都为4， 一共有7 - 4 + 1个，所以这之间的数的next值和为4 * (7 - 4 + 1)。同理，如果r 比第二个幸运数字小，那么他们之间的数的next值和就为4 * (r - 4 + 1)。所以我们用 r 和 下一个幸运数字作比较，用较小的 减上一个幸运数字，再加1， 才是他们之间的数量。
2. 因为数据过大，所以要开long long。

AC代码

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
long long block[1023] = {4, 7, 44, 47, 74, 77, 444, 447, 474, 477, 744, 747, 774, 777, 4444, 4447, 4474, 4477, 4744, 4747, 4774, 4777, 7444, 7447, 7474, 7477, 7744, 7747, 7774, 7777, 44444, 44447, 44474, 44477, 44744, 44747, 44774, 44777, 47444, 47447, 47474, 47477, 47744, 47747, 47774, 47777, 74444, 74447, 74474, 74477, 74744, 74747, 74774, 74777, 77444, 77447, 77474, 77477, 77744, 77747, 77774, 77777, 444444, 444447, 444474, 444477, 444744, 444747, 444774, 444777, 447444, 447447, 447474, 447477, 447744, 447747, 447774, 447777, 474444, 474447, 474474, 474477, 474744, 474747, 474774, 474777, 477444, 477447, 477474, 477477, 477744, 477747, 477774, 477777, 744444, 744447, 744474, 744477, 744744, 744747, 744774, 744777, 747444, 747447, 747474, 747477, 747744, 747747, 747774, 747777, 774444, 774447, 774474, 774477, 774744, 774747, 774774, 774777, 777444, 777447, 777474, 777477, 777744, 777747, 777774, 777777, 4444444, 4444447, 4444474, 4444477, 4444744, 4444747, 4444774, 4444777, 4447444, 4447447, 4447474, 4447477, 4447744, 4447747, 4447774, 4447777, 4474444, 4474447, 4474474, 4474477, 4474744, 4474747, 4474774, 4474777, 4477444, 4477447, 4477474, 4477477, 4477744, 4477747, 4477774, 4477777, 4744444, 4744447, 4744474, 4744477, 4744744, 4744747, 4744774, 4744777, 4747444, 4747447, 4747474, 4747477, 4747744, 4747747, 4747774, 4747777, 4774444, 4774447, 4774474, 4774477, 4774744, 4774747, 4774774, 4774777, 4777444, 4777447, 4777474, 4777477, 4777744, 4777747, 4777774, 4777777, 7444444, 7444447, 7444474, 7444477, 7444744, 7444747, 7444774, 7444777, 7447444, 7447447, 7447474, 7447477, 7447744, 7447747, 7447774, 7447777, 7474444, 7474447, 7474474, 7474477, 7474744, 7474747, 7474774, 7474777, 7477444, 7477447, 7477474, 7477477, 7477744, 7477747, 7477774, 7477777, 7744444, 7744447, 7744474, 7744477, 7744744, 7744747, 7744774, 7744777, 7747444, 7747447, 7747474, 7747477, 7747744, 7747747, 7747774, 7747777, 7774444, 7774447, 7774474, 7774477, 7774744, 7774747, 7774774, 7774777, 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77444444, 77444447, 77444474, 77444477, 77444744, 77444747, 77444774, 77444777, 77447444, 77447447, 77447474, 77447477, 77447744, 77447747, 77447774, 77447777, 77474444, 77474447, 77474474, 77474477, 77474744, 77474747, 77474774, 77474777, 77477444, 77477447, 77477474, 77477477, 77477744, 77477747, 77477774, 77477777, 77744444, 77744447, 77744474, 77744477, 77744744, 77744747, 77744774, 77744777, 77747444, 77747447, 77747474, 77747477, 77747744, 77747747, 77747774, 77747777, 77774444, 77774447, 77774474, 77774477, 77774744, 77774747, 77774774, 77774777, 77777444, 77777447, 77777474, 77777477, 77777744, 77777747, 77777774, 77777777, 444444444, 444444447, 444444474, 444444477, 444444744, 444444747, 444444774, 444444777, 444447444, 444447447, 444447474, 444447477, 444447744, 444447747, 444447774, 444447777, 444474444, 444474447, 444474474, 444474477, 444474744, 444474747, 444474774, 444474777, 444477444, 444477447, 444477474, 444477477, 444477744, 444477747, 444477774, 444477777, 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447777477, 447777744, 447777747, 447777774, 447777777, 474444444, 474444447, 474444474, 474444477, 474444744, 474444747, 474444774, 474444777, 474447444, 474447447, 474447474, 474447477, 474447744, 474447747, 474447774, 474447777, 474474444, 474474447, 474474474, 474474477, 474474744, 474474747, 474474774, 474474777, 474477444, 474477447, 474477474, 474477477, 474477744, 474477747, 474477774, 474477777, 474744444, 474744447, 474744474, 474744477, 474744744, 474744747, 474744774, 474744777, 474747444, 474747447, 474747474, 474747477, 474747744, 474747747, 474747774, 474747777, 474774444, 474774447, 474774474, 474774477, 474774744, 474774747, 474774774, 474774777, 474777444, 474777447, 474777474, 474777477, 474777744, 474777747, 474777774, 474777777, 477444444, 477444447, 477444474, 477444477, 477444744, 477444747, 477444774, 477444777, 477447444, 477447447, 477447474, 477447477, 477447744, 477447747, 477447774, 477447777, 477474444, 477474447, 477474474, 477474477, 477474744, 477474747, 477474774, 477474777, 477477444, 477477447, 477477474, 477477477, 477477744, 477477747, 477477774, 477477777, 477744444, 477744447, 477744474, 477744477, 477744744, 477744747, 477744774, 477744777, 477747444, 477747447, 477747474, 477747477, 477747744, 477747747, 477747774, 477747777, 477774444, 477774447, 477774474, 477774477, 477774744, 477774747, 477774774, 477774777, 477777444, 477777447, 477777474, 477777477, 477777744, 477777747, 477777774, 477777777, 744444444, 744444447, 744444474, 744444477, 744444744, 744444747, 744444774, 744444777, 744447444, 744447447, 744447474, 744447477, 744447744, 744447747, 744447774, 744447777, 744474444, 744474447, 744474474, 744474477, 744474744, 744474747, 744474774, 744474777, 744477444, 744477447, 744477474, 744477477, 744477744, 744477747, 744477774, 744477777, 744744444, 744744447, 744744474, 744744477, 744744744, 744744747, 744744774, 744744777, 744747444, 744747447, 744747474, 744747477, 744747744, 744747747, 744747774, 744747777, 744774444, 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777744777, 777747444, 777747447, 777747474, 777747477, 777747744, 777747747, 777747774, 777747777, 777774444, 777774447, 777774474, 777774477, 777774744, 777774747, 777774774, 777774777, 777777444, 777777447, 777777474, 777777477, 777777744, 777777747, 777777774, 777777777, 4444444444};
int main(void)
{
    long long sum = 0, j = 0;
    long long l, r;
    cin >> l >> r;
    for(long long i = l; i <= r;)
    {
        while(i > block[j]) j++;
        sum += block[j] * (min(r, block[j]) - i + 1);
        i = block[j] + 1;
    }
    cout << sum;
    return 0;
}