Android高手进阶教程(二十一)之---Android中创建与几种解析xml的方法!

大家好今天我今天给大家讲解一下android中xml的创建以及一些解析xml的常用方法。

首先是创建，我们用XmlSerializer这个类来创建一个xml文件，其次是解析xml文件，常用的有dom,sax,XmlPullParser等方法，由于sax代码有点复杂，本节只讲解一下dom与XmlPullParser解析，sax我将会在下一节单独讲解,至于几种解析xml的优缺点我就不再讲述了。

为了方便理解，我做了一个简单的Demo。首先首界面有三个按钮，点击第一个按钮会在sdcard目录下创建一个books.xml文件,另外两个按钮分别是调用dom与XmlPullParser方法解析xml文件，并将结果显示在一个TextView里。大家可以按照我的步骤一步步来:

第一步:新建一个Android工程,命名为XmlDemo.

第二步:修改main.xml布局文件，代码如下:

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2. <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
3. android:orientation="vertical"
4. android:layout_width="fill_parent"
5. android:layout_height="fill_parent"
6. >
7. <Button
8. android:id="@+id/btn1"
9. android:layout_width="fill_parent"
10. android:layout_height="wrap_content"
11. android:text="创建XML文件"
12. />
13. <Button
14. android:id="@+id/btn2"
15. android:layout_width="fill_parent"
16. android:layout_height="wrap_content"
17. android:text="DOM解析XML"
18. />
19. <Button
20. android:id="@+id/btn3"
21. android:layout_width="fill_parent"
22. android:layout_height="wrap_content"
23. android:text="XmlPullParse解析XML"
24. />
25. <TextView
26. android:id="@+id/result"
27. android:layout_width="fill_parent"
28. android:layout_height="wrap_content"
29. />
30. </LinearLayout>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <Button android:id="@+id/btn1" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="创建XML文件" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn2" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="DOM解析XML" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn3" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="XmlPullParse解析XML" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/result" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </LinearLayout>

第三步:修改主核心程序XmlDemo.java,代码如下:

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1. package com.tutor.xml;
2. import java.io.File;
3. import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
4. import java.io.FileOutputStream;
5. import java.io.IOException;
6. import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
7. import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
8. import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
9. import org.w3c.dom.Document;
10. import org.w3c.dom.Element;
11. import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
12. import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
13. import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
14. import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;
15. import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserFactory;
16. import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlSerializer;
17. import android.app.Activity;
18. import android.os.Bundle;
19. import android.util.Log;
20. import android.util.Xml;
21. import android.view.View;
22. import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
23. import android.widget.Button;
24. import android.widget.TextView;
25. import android.widget.Toast;
26. public class XmlDemo extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
28. private static final String BOOKS_PATH = "/sdcard/books.xml";
29. private Button mButton1,mButton2,mButton3;
30. private TextView mTextView;
31. @Override
32. public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
33. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
34. setContentView(R.layout.main);
35. setupViews();
36. }
37. //初始化工作
38. private void setupViews(){
39. mTextView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.result);
40. mButton1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn1);
41. mButton2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn2);
42. mButton3 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn3);
43. mButton1.setOnClickListener(this);
44. mButton2.setOnClickListener(this);
45. mButton3.setOnClickListener(this);
46. }
47. //创建xml文件
48. private void createXmlFile(){
49. File linceseFile = new File(BOOKS_PATH);
50. try{
51. linceseFile.createNewFile();
52. }catch (IOException e) {
53. Log.e("IOException", "exception in createNewFile() method");
54. }
55. FileOutputStream fileos = null;
56. try{
57. fileos = new FileOutputStream(linceseFile);
58. }catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
59. Log.e("FileNotFoundException", "can't create FileOutputStream");
60. }
61. XmlSerializer serializer = Xml.newSerializer();
62. try {
63. serializer.setOutput(fileos,"UTF-8");
64. serializer.startDocument(null, true);
65. serializer.startTag(null, "books");
66. for(int i = 0; i < 3; i ++){
67. serializer.startTag(null, "book");
68. serializer.startTag(null, "bookname");
69. serializer.text("Android教程" + i);
70. serializer.endTag(null, "bookname");
71. serializer.startTag(null, "bookauthor");
72. serializer.text("Frankie" + i);
73. serializer.endTag(null, "bookauthor");
74. serializer.endTag(null, "book");
75. }
77. serializer.endTag(null, "books");
78. serializer.endDocument();
79. serializer.flush();
80. fileos.close();
81. } catch (Exception e) {
82. Log.e("Exception","error occurred while creating xml file");
83. }
84. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "创建xml文件成功!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
85. }
86. //dom解析xml文件
87. private void domParseXML(){
88. File file = new File(BOOKS_PATH);
89. DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
90. DocumentBuilder db = null;
91. try {
92. db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
93. } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
94. e.printStackTrace();
95. }
96. Document doc = null;
97. try {
98. doc = db.parse(file);
99. } catch (SAXException e) {
100. e.printStackTrace();
101. } catch (IOException e) {
102. e.printStackTrace();
103. }
104. Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
105. NodeList books = root.getElementsByTagName("book");
106. String res = "本结果是通过dom解析:" + "/n";
107. for(int i = 0; i < books.getLength();i++){
108. Element book = (Element)books.item(i);
109. Element bookname = (Element)book.getElementsByTagName("bookname").item(0);
110. Element bookauthor = (Element)book.getElementsByTagName("bookauthor").item(0);
111. res += "书名: " + bookname.getFirstChild().getNodeValue() + " " +
112. "作者: " + bookauthor.getFirstChild().getNodeValue() + "/n";
113. }
115. mTextView.setText(res);
116. }
118. //xmlPullParser解析xml文件
119. private void xmlPullParseXML(){
120. String res = "本结果是通过XmlPullParse解析:" + "/n";
121. try {
122. XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
123. XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
125. xmlPullParser.setInput(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()
126. .getResourceAsStream(BOOKS_PATH), "UTF-8");
128. int eventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();
130. try{
131. while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
132. String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName();
133. switch (eventType) {
134. case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
135. if("bookname".equals(nodeName)){
136. res += "书名: " + xmlPullParser.nextText() + " ";
137. }else if("bookauthor".equals(nodeName)){
138. res += "作者: " + xmlPullParser.nextText() + "/n";
139. }
140. break;
141. default:
142. break;
143. }
144. eventType = xmlPullParser.next();
145. }
146. } catch (IOException e) {
147. e.printStackTrace();
148. }
149. } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
150. e.printStackTrace();
151. }
153. mTextView.setText(res);
154. }
155. //按钮事件响应
156. public void onClick(View v) {
157. if(v == mButton1){
158. createXmlFile();
159. }else if(v == mButton2){
160. domParseXML();
161. }else if(v == mButton3){
162. xmlPullParseXML();
163. }
164. }
165. }

package com.tutor.xml; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser; import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException; import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserFactory; import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlSerializer; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.util.Xml; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; public class XmlDemo extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private static final String BOOKS_PATH = "/sdcard/books.xml"; private Button mButton1,mButton2,mButton3; private TextView mTextView; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); setupViews(); } //初始化工作 private void setupViews(){ mTextView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.result); mButton1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn1); mButton2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn2); mButton3 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn3); mButton1.setOnClickListener(this); mButton2.setOnClickListener(this); mButton3.setOnClickListener(this); } //创建xml文件 private void createXmlFile(){ File linceseFile = new File(BOOKS_PATH); try{ linceseFile.createNewFile(); }catch (IOException e) { Log.e("IOException", "exception in createNewFile() method"); } FileOutputStream fileos = null; try{ fileos = new FileOutputStream(linceseFile); }catch (FileNotFoundException e) { Log.e("FileNotFoundException", "can't create FileOutputStream"); } XmlSerializer serializer = Xml.newSerializer(); try { serializer.setOutput(fileos,"UTF-8"); serializer.startDocument(null, true); serializer.startTag(null, "books"); for(int i = 0; i < 3; i ++){ serializer.startTag(null, "book"); serializer.startTag(null, "bookname"); serializer.text("Android教程" + i); serializer.endTag(null, "bookname"); serializer.startTag(null, "bookauthor"); serializer.text("Frankie" + i); serializer.endTag(null, "bookauthor"); serializer.endTag(null, "book"); } serializer.endTag(null, "books"); serializer.endDocument(); serializer.flush(); fileos.close(); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e("Exception","error occurred while creating xml file"); } Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "创建xml文件成功!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } //dom解析xml文件 private void domParseXML(){ File file = new File(BOOKS_PATH); DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder db = null; try { db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Document doc = null; try { doc = db.parse(file); } catch (SAXException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Element root = doc.getDocumentElement(); NodeList books = root.getElementsByTagName("book"); String res = "本结果是通过dom解析:" + "/n"; for(int i = 0; i < books.getLength();i++){ Element book = (Element)books.item(i); Element bookname = (Element)book.getElementsByTagName("bookname").item(0); Element bookauthor = (Element)book.getElementsByTagName("bookauthor").item(0); res += "书名: " + bookname.getFirstChild().getNodeValue() + " " + "作者: " + bookauthor.getFirstChild().getNodeValue() + "/n"; } mTextView.setText(res); } //xmlPullParser解析xml文件 private void xmlPullParseXML(){ String res = "本结果是通过XmlPullParse解析:" + "/n"; try { XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance(); XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser(); xmlPullParser.setInput(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader() .getResourceAsStream(BOOKS_PATH), "UTF-8"); int eventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType(); try{ while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) { String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName(); switch (eventType) { case XmlPullParser.START_TAG: if("bookname".equals(nodeName)){ res += "书名: " + xmlPullParser.nextText() + " "; }else if("bookauthor".equals(nodeName)){ res += "作者: " + xmlPullParser.nextText() + "/n"; } break; default: break; } eventType = xmlPullParser.next(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } mTextView.setText(res); } //按钮事件响应 public void onClick(View v) { if(v == mButton1){ createXmlFile(); }else if(v == mButton2){ domParseXML(); }else if(v == mButton3){ xmlPullParseXML(); } } }

第四步:由于我们在Sd卡上新建了文件，需要增加权限，如下代码(第16行):

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2. <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
3. package="com.tutor.xml"
4. android:versionCode="1"
5. android:versionName="1.0">
6. <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
7. <activity android:name=".XmlDemo"
8. android:label="@string/app_name">
9. <intent-filter>
10. <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
11. <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
12. </intent-filter>
13. </activity>
14. </application>
15. <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="7" />
16. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
17. </manifest>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.tutor.xml" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".XmlDemo" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="7" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> </manifest>

第五步:运行上述工程，查看效果:

启动首界面:

点击创建XML文件按钮,生成books.xml文件

books.xml内容如下:

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1. <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='yes' ?>
2. <books>
3. <book>
4. <bookname>Android教程0</bookname>
5. <bookauthor>Frankie0</bookauthor>
6. </book>
7. <book>
8. <bookname>Android教程1</bookname>
9. <bookauthor>Frankie1</bookauthor>
10. </book>
11. <book>
12. <bookname>Android教程2</bookname>
13. <bookauthor>Frankie2</bookauthor>
14. </book>
15. </books>

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='yes' ?> <books> <book> <bookname>Android教程0</bookname> <bookauthor>Frankie0</bookauthor> </book> <book> <bookname>Android教程1</bookname> <bookauthor>Frankie1</bookauthor> </book> <book> <bookname>Android教程2</bookname> <bookauthor>Frankie2</bookauthor> </book> </books>

点击DOM解析XML按钮:

点击XmlPullParse解析XML按钮: