使用seq2seq实战
- 🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
- 🍖 原作者:K同学啊
一、 前期准备工作
from __future__ import unicode_literals,print_function,division
from io import open
import unicodedata
import string
import re
import random
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch import optim
import torch.nn.functional as F
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(device)
输出:
cpu
1. 搭建语言类
在这里插入代码片SOS_token = 0
EOS_token = 1
#语言类
class Lang:
def __init__(self,name):
self.name = name
self.word2index = {}
self.word2count = {}
self.index2word = {0:"SOS",1:"EOS"}
self.n_words = 2 # Count SOS and EOS
def addSentence(self, sentence):
for word in sentence.split(' '):
self.addWord(word)
def addWord(self, word):
if word not in self.word2index:
self.word2index[word] = self.n_words
self.word2count[word] = 1
self.index2word[self.n_words] = word
self.n_words += 1
else:
self.word2count[word] += 1
2. 文本处理函数
def unicodeToAscii(s):
return ''.join(
c for c in unicodedata.normalize('NFD',s)
if unicodedata.category(c) != 'Mn'
)
def normalizeString(s):
s = unicodeToAscii(s.lower().strip())
s = re.sub(r"([.!?])",r" \1", s)
s = re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z.!?]+", r" ",s)
return s
3. 文件读取函数
def readLangs(lang1, lang2, reverse=False):
print("Reading lines...")
lines = open('C:/Users/zhangjh46/Downloads/%s-%s.txt'%(lang1,lang2),encoding='utf-8').\
read().strip().split('\n')
pairs = [[normalizeString(s) for s in l.split('\t')] for l in lines]
if reverse:
pairs = [list(reversed(p)) for p in pairs]
input_lang = Lang(lang2)
output_lang = Lang(lang1)
else:
input_lang = Lang(lang1)
output_lang = Lang(lang2)
return input_lang, output_lang, pairs
MAX_LENGTH = 10
eng_prefixes = (
"i am", "i m",
"he is", "he s",
"she is", "she s",
"you are", "you re",
"we are", "we re",
"they are", "they re"
)
def filterPair(p):
return len(p[0].split(' ')) < MAX_LENGTH and \
len(p[1].split(' ')) < MAX_LENGTH and p[1].startswith(eng_prefixes)
def filterPairs(pairs):
return [pair for pair in pairs if filterPair(pair)]
def prepareData(lang1, lang2, reverse = False):
input_lang, output_lang, pairs = readLangs(lang1,lang2,reverse)
print("Read %s sentence pairs" % len(pairs))
pairs = filterPairs(pairs[:])
print("Trimmed to %s sentence pairs" % len(pairs))
print("Counting words...")
for pair in pairs:
input_lang.addSentence(pair[0])
output_lang.addSentence(pair[1])
print("Counted words:")
print(input_lang.name, input_lang.n_words)
print(output_lang.name, output_lang.n_words)
return input_lang, output_lang, pairs
input_lang, output_lang, pairs = prepareData('eng','fra',True)
print(random.choice(pairs))
输出:
在这里插入代码片Reading lines...
Read 135842 sentence pairs
Trimmed to 11893 sentence pairs
Counting words...
Counted words:
fra 4920
eng 3228
['je suis un etranger ici .', 'i am a stranger here .']
二、Seq2Seq模型
1. 编码器(Encoder)
class EncoderRNN(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size):
super(EncoderRNN, self).__init__()
self.hidden_size = hidden_size
self.embedding = nn.Embedding(input_size, hidden_size)
self.gru = nn.GRU(hidden_size, hidden_size)
def forward(self, input, hidden):
embedded = self.embedding(input).view(1,1,-1)
output = embedded
output, hidden = self.gru(output,hidden)
return output, hidden
def initHidden(self):
return torch.zeros(1, 1, self.hidden_size, device = device)
2. 解码器(Decoder)
class AttnDecoderRNN(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, hidden_size, output_size, dropout_p=0.1, max_length = MAX_LENGTH):
super(AttnDecoderRNN, self).__init__()
self.hidden_size = hidden_size
self.output_size = output_size
self.dropout_p = dropout_p
self.max_length = max_length
self.embedding = nn.Embedding(self.output_size,self.hidden_size)
self.attn = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size * 2, self.max_length)
self.attn_combine = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size * 2, self.hidden_size)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(self.dropout_p)
self.gru = nn.GRU(self.hidden_size, self.hidden_size)
self.out = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.output_size)
def forward(self,input,hidden,encoder_outputs):
embedded = self.embedding(input).view(1,1,-1)
embedded = self.dropout(embedded)
attn_weights = F.softmax(
self.attn(torch.cat((embedded[0],hidden[0]), 1)),dim = 1)
attn_applied = torch.bmm(attn_weights.unsqueeze(0),
encoder_outputs.unsqueeze(0))
output = torch.cat((embedded[0], attn_applied[0]),1)
output = self.attn_combine(output).unsqueeze(0)
output = F.relu(output)
output, hidden = self.gru(output, hidden)
output = F.log_softmax(self.out(output[0]), dim = 1)
return output, hidden, attn_weights
def initHidden(self):
return torch.zeros(1,1,self.hidden_size, device = device)
三、训练
1. 数据预处理
# ------Trainging------
# Data Preprocess
def indexesFromSentence(lang,sentence):
return [lang.word2index[word] for word in sentence.split(' ')]
def tensorFromSentence(lang, sentence):
indexes = indexesFromSentence(lang, sentence)
indexes.append(EOS_token)
return torch.tensor(indexes, dtype=torch.long, device=device).view(-1, 1)
def tensorsFromPair(pair):
input_tensor = tensorFromSentence(input_lang,pair[0])
target_tensor = tensorFromSentence(output_lang, pair[1])
return (input_tensor, target_tensor)
2. 训练函数
# -------Training Function------
teacher_forcing_ratio = 0.5
def train(input_tensor, target_tensor, encoder, decoder, encoder_optimizer, decoder_optimizer,criterion,max_length = MAX_LENGTH):
encoder_hidden = encoder.initHidden()
encoder_optimizer.zero_grad()
decoder_optimizer.zero_grad()
input_length = input_tensor.size(0)
target_length = target_tensor.size(0)
encoder_outputs = torch.zeros(max_length, encoder.hidden_size, device = device)
loss = 0
for ei in range(input_length):
encoder_output, encoder_hidden = encoder(input_tensor[ei], encoder_hidden)
encoder_outputs[ei] = encoder_output[0,0]
decoder_input = torch.tensor([[SOS_token]], device = device)
decoder_hidden = encoder_hidden
use_teacher_forcing = True if random.random() < teacher_forcing_ratio else False
if use_teacher_forcing:
for di in range(target_length):
decoder_output,decoder_hidden,decoder_attention = decoder(
decoder_input, decoder_hidden, encoder_outputs)
loss += criterion(decoder_output, target_tensor[di])
decoder_input = target_tensor[di]
else:
for di in range(target_length):
decoder_output,decoder_hidden,decoder_attention = decoder(
decoder_input, decoder_hidden, encoder_outputs)
loss += criterion(decoder_output, target_tensor[di])
if decoder_input.item() == EOS_token:
break
loss.backward()
encoder_optimizer.step()
decoder_optimizer.step()
return loss.item()/target_length
import time
import math
def asMinutes(s):
m = math.floor(s/60)
s -= m * 60
return '%dm %ds' % (m, s)
def timeSince(since,percent):
now = time.time()
s=now - since
es = s / (percent)
rs = es - s
return '%s (- %s)' % (asMinutes(s), asMinutes(rs))
def trainIters(encoder, decoder, n_iters, print_every = 1000, plot_every=100, learning_rate = 0.01):
start = time.time()
plot_losses = []
print_loss_total = 0
plot_loss_total = 0
encoder_optimizer = optim.SGD(encoder.parameters(), lr = learning_rate)
decoder_optimizer = optim.SGD(decoder.parameters(), lr = learning_rate)
training_pairs = [tensorsFromPair(random.choice(pairs)) for i in range(n_iters)]
criterion = nn.NLLLoss()
for iter in range(1, n_iters + 1):
train_pair = training_pairs[iter - 1]
input_tensor = train_pair[0]
target_tensor = train_pair[1]
loss = train(input_tensor, target_tensor, encoder, decoder, encoder_optimizer, decoder_optimizer, criterion)
print_loss_total += loss
plot_loss_total += loss
if iter % print_every == 0:
print_loss_avg = print_loss_total / print_every
print_loss_total = 0
print('%s (%d %d%%) %.4f' % (timeSince(start, iter/ n_iters),iter, iter / n_iters * 100, print_loss_avg))
if iter % plot_every == 0:
plot_loss_avg = plot_loss_total / plot_every
plot_losses.append(plot_loss_avg)
plot_loss_total = 0
return plot_losses
3. 评估
def evaluate(encoder, decoder, sentence, max_length=MAX_LENGTH):
with torch.no_grad():
input_tensor = tensorFromSentence(input_lang, sentence)
input_length = input_tensor.size()[0]
encoder_hidden = encoder.initHidden()
encoder_outputs = torch.zeros(max_length, encoder.hidden_size, device=device)
for ei in range(input_length):
encoder_output, encoder_hidden = encoder(input_tensor[ei],encoder_hidden)
encoder_outputs[ei] += encoder_output[0, 0]
decoder_input = torch.tensor([[SOS_token]], device=device)
decoder_hidden = encoder_hidden
decoded_words = []
decoder_attentions = torch.zeros(max_length, max_length)
for di in range(max_length):
decoder_output, decoder_hidden, decoder_attention = decoder(decoder_input, decoder_hidden, encoder_outputs)
decoder_attentions[di] = decoder_attention.data
topv, topi = decoder_output.data.topk(1)
if topi.item() == EOS_token:
decoded_words.append('<EOS>')
break
else:
decoded_words.append(output_lang.index2word[topi.item()])
decoder_input = topi.squeeze().detach()
return decoded_words, decoder_attentions[:di + 1]
def evaluateRandomly(encoder, decoder, n = 5):
for i in range(n):
pair = random.choice(pairs)
print('>', pair[0])
print('=', pair[0])
output_wards, attentions = evaluate(encoder, decoder, pair[0])
output_sentence = ' '.join(output_wards)
print('<', output_sentence)
print('')
四、训练与评估
# ------Training and Evaluate------
hidden_size = 256
encoder1 = EncoderRNN(input_lang.n_words, hidden_size).to(device)
attn_decoder1 = AttnDecoderRNN(hidden_size,output_lang.n_words, dropout_p = 0.1).to(device)
plot_losses = trainIters(encoder1,attn_decoder1,10000,print_every = 5000)
输出:
1m 30s (- 1m 30s) (5000 50%) 3.2205
3m 0s (- 0m 0s) (10000 100%) 2.5522
evaluateRandomly(encoder1, attn_decoder1)
输出:
> j appelle pour signaler un portefeuille perdu .
= j appelle pour signaler un portefeuille perdu .
< i m a bit to call a job . <EOS>
> tu es branchee .
= tu es branchee .
< you re foolish . <EOS>
> elle trouve toujours des defauts a son mari .
= elle trouve toujours des defauts a son mari .
< she is afraid of his age . <EOS>
> elle ne fait pas le poids avec moi .
= elle ne fait pas le poids avec moi .
< she is no as strong as me . <EOS>
> nous sommes depourvues de prejuges .
= nous sommes depourvues de prejuges .
< we re afraid of us . <EOS>
1. Loss图
# ------Loss图------
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100
epochs_range = range(len(plot_losses))
plt.figure(figsize = (8,3))
plt.subplot(1,1,1)
plt.plot(epochs_range,plot_losses,label = 'Training Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training Loss')
plt.show()
2. 可视化注意力
# 可视化注意力
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
output_words,attentions = evaluate(encoder1, attn_decoder1,"je suis trop froid .")
plt.matshow(attentions.numpy())
五、总结
通过使用Teacher Forcing策略,可以在训练解码器时平衡模型的预测能力和稳定性,同时也提供了更灵活的生成模式选择。