【NLP练习】seq2seq实战

使用seq2seq实战

• 🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
• 🍖 原作者：K同学啊

一、 前期准备工作

from __future__ import unicode_literals,print_function,division
from io import open
import unicodedata
import string
import re
import random
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch import optim
import torch.nn.functional as F

device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(device)

输出：

cpu

1. 搭建语言类

在这里插入代码片SOS_token = 0
EOS_token = 1

#语言类
class Lang:
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name
        self.word2index = {}
        self.word2count = {}
        self.index2word = {0:"SOS",1:"EOS"}
        self.n_words = 2 # Count SOS and EOS 
        
    def addSentence(self, sentence):
        for word in sentence.split(' '):
            self.addWord(word)
            
    def addWord(self, word):
        if word not in self.word2index:
            self.word2index[word] = self.n_words
            self.word2count[word] = 1
            self.index2word[self.n_words] = word
            self.n_words += 1
        else:
            self.word2count[word] += 1

2. 文本处理函数

def unicodeToAscii(s):
    return ''.join(
        c for c in unicodedata.normalize('NFD',s)
        if unicodedata.category(c) != 'Mn'
    )
def normalizeString(s):
    s = unicodeToAscii(s.lower().strip())
    s = re.sub(r"([.!?])",r" \1", s)
    s = re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z.!?]+", r" ",s)
    return s

3. 文件读取函数

def readLangs(lang1, lang2, reverse=False):
    print("Reading lines...")
    
    lines = open('C:/Users/zhangjh46/Downloads/%s-%s.txt'%(lang1,lang2),encoding='utf-8').\
            read().strip().split('\n')
    
    pairs = [[normalizeString(s) for s in l.split('\t')] for l in lines]
    
    if reverse:
        pairs = [list(reversed(p)) for p in pairs]
        input_lang = Lang(lang2)
        output_lang = Lang(lang1)
    else:
        input_lang = Lang(lang1)
        output_lang = Lang(lang2)
        
    return input_lang, output_lang, pairs
            

MAX_LENGTH = 10

eng_prefixes = (
    "i am", "i m",
    "he is", "he s",
    "she is", "she s",
    "you are", "you re",
    "we are", "we re",
    "they are", "they re"

)

def filterPair(p):
    return len(p[0].split(' ')) < MAX_LENGTH and \
            len(p[1].split(' ')) < MAX_LENGTH and p[1].startswith(eng_prefixes)

def filterPairs(pairs):
    return [pair for pair in pairs if filterPair(pair)]

def prepareData(lang1, lang2, reverse = False):
    
    input_lang, output_lang, pairs = readLangs(lang1,lang2,reverse)
    print("Read %s sentence pairs" % len(pairs))
    
    pairs = filterPairs(pairs[:])
    print("Trimmed to %s sentence pairs" % len(pairs))
    print("Counting words...")
    
    for pair in pairs:
        input_lang.addSentence(pair[0])
        output_lang.addSentence(pair[1])
        
    print("Counted words:")
    print(input_lang.name, input_lang.n_words)
    print(output_lang.name, output_lang.n_words)
    return input_lang, output_lang, pairs

input_lang, output_lang, pairs = prepareData('eng','fra',True)
print(random.choice(pairs))

输出：

在这里插入代码片Reading lines...
Read 135842 sentence pairs
Trimmed to 11893 sentence pairs
Counting words...
Counted words:
fra 4920
eng 3228
['je suis un etranger ici .', 'i am a stranger here .']

二、Seq2Seq模型

1. 编码器(Encoder)

class EncoderRNN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size):
        super(EncoderRNN, self).__init__()
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.embedding = nn.Embedding(input_size, hidden_size)
        self.gru       = nn.GRU(hidden_size, hidden_size)
        
    def forward(self, input, hidden):
        embedded = self.embedding(input).view(1,1,-1)
        output = embedded
        output, hidden = self.gru(output,hidden)
        return output, hidden
    
    def initHidden(self):
        return torch.zeros(1, 1, self.hidden_size, device = device)

2. 解码器(Decoder)

class AttnDecoderRNN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, hidden_size, output_size, dropout_p=0.1, max_length = MAX_LENGTH):
        super(AttnDecoderRNN, self).__init__()
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.output_size = output_size
        self.dropout_p = dropout_p
        self.max_length = max_length
        
        self.embedding = nn.Embedding(self.output_size,self.hidden_size)
        self.attn = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size * 2, self.max_length)
        self.attn_combine = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size * 2, self.hidden_size)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(self.dropout_p)
        self.gru = nn.GRU(self.hidden_size, self.hidden_size)
        self.out = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.output_size)
        
    def forward(self,input,hidden,encoder_outputs):
        embedded = self.embedding(input).view(1,1,-1)
        embedded = self.dropout(embedded)
        attn_weights = F.softmax(
            self.attn(torch.cat((embedded[0],hidden[0]), 1)),dim = 1)
        attn_applied = torch.bmm(attn_weights.unsqueeze(0),
                                encoder_outputs.unsqueeze(0))
        
        output = torch.cat((embedded[0], attn_applied[0]),1)
        output = self.attn_combine(output).unsqueeze(0)
        
        output = F.relu(output)
        output, hidden = self.gru(output, hidden)
        
        output = F.log_softmax(self.out(output[0]), dim = 1)
        return output, hidden, attn_weights
    
    def initHidden(self):
        return torch.zeros(1,1,self.hidden_size, device = device)

三、训练

1. 数据预处理

# ------Trainging------
#  Data Preprocess

def indexesFromSentence(lang,sentence):
    return [lang.word2index[word] for word in sentence.split(' ')]

def tensorFromSentence(lang, sentence):
    indexes = indexesFromSentence(lang, sentence)
    indexes.append(EOS_token)
    return torch.tensor(indexes, dtype=torch.long, device=device).view(-1, 1)

def tensorsFromPair(pair):
    input_tensor = tensorFromSentence(input_lang,pair[0])
    target_tensor = tensorFromSentence(output_lang, pair[1])
    return (input_tensor, target_tensor)

2. 训练函数

#  -------Training Function------

teacher_forcing_ratio = 0.5
def train(input_tensor,  target_tensor, encoder, decoder, encoder_optimizer, decoder_optimizer,criterion,max_length = MAX_LENGTH):
        encoder_hidden = encoder.initHidden()
        encoder_optimizer.zero_grad()
        decoder_optimizer.zero_grad()
        
        input_length = input_tensor.size(0)
        target_length = target_tensor.size(0)
        
        encoder_outputs = torch.zeros(max_length, encoder.hidden_size, device = device)
        
        loss = 0
        for ei in range(input_length):
            encoder_output, encoder_hidden = encoder(input_tensor[ei], encoder_hidden)
            encoder_outputs[ei] = encoder_output[0,0]
            
        decoder_input = torch.tensor([[SOS_token]], device = device)
        decoder_hidden = encoder_hidden
        
        use_teacher_forcing = True if random.random() < teacher_forcing_ratio else False
        
        if use_teacher_forcing:
            for di in range(target_length):
                decoder_output,decoder_hidden,decoder_attention = decoder(
                decoder_input, decoder_hidden, encoder_outputs)
                loss += criterion(decoder_output, target_tensor[di])
                decoder_input = target_tensor[di]
        else:
            for di in range(target_length):
                decoder_output,decoder_hidden,decoder_attention = decoder(
                decoder_input, decoder_hidden, encoder_outputs)
                loss += criterion(decoder_output, target_tensor[di])
                if decoder_input.item() == EOS_token:
                    break
        loss.backward()
        
        encoder_optimizer.step()
        decoder_optimizer.step()
        
        return loss.item()/target_length

import time
import math

def asMinutes(s):
    m = math.floor(s/60)
    s -= m * 60
    return '%dm %ds' % (m, s)

def timeSince(since,percent):
    now = time.time()
    s=now - since
    es = s / (percent)
    rs = es - s
    return '%s (- %s)' % (asMinutes(s), asMinutes(rs))

def trainIters(encoder, decoder, n_iters, print_every = 1000, plot_every=100, learning_rate = 0.01):
    start = time.time()
    plot_losses = []
    print_loss_total = 0
    plot_loss_total = 0
    encoder_optimizer = optim.SGD(encoder.parameters(), lr = learning_rate)
    decoder_optimizer = optim.SGD(decoder.parameters(), lr = learning_rate)
    
    training_pairs = [tensorsFromPair(random.choice(pairs)) for i in range(n_iters)]
    criterion = nn.NLLLoss()
    
    for iter in range(1, n_iters + 1):
        train_pair = training_pairs[iter - 1]
        input_tensor = train_pair[0]
        target_tensor = train_pair[1]
        
        loss = train(input_tensor, target_tensor, encoder, decoder, encoder_optimizer, decoder_optimizer, criterion)
        
        print_loss_total += loss
        plot_loss_total += loss
        
        
        if iter % print_every == 0:
            print_loss_avg = print_loss_total / print_every
            print_loss_total = 0
            print('%s (%d %d%%) %.4f' % (timeSince(start, iter/ n_iters),iter, iter / n_iters * 100, print_loss_avg))
            
        if iter % plot_every == 0:
            plot_loss_avg = plot_loss_total / plot_every
            plot_losses.append(plot_loss_avg)
            plot_loss_total = 0
            
    return plot_losses

3. 评估

def evaluate(encoder, decoder, sentence, max_length=MAX_LENGTH):
    with torch.no_grad():
        input_tensor = tensorFromSentence(input_lang, sentence)
        input_length = input_tensor.size()[0]
        encoder_hidden = encoder.initHidden()
        
        encoder_outputs = torch.zeros(max_length, encoder.hidden_size, device=device)
        
        for ei in range(input_length):
            encoder_output, encoder_hidden = encoder(input_tensor[ei],encoder_hidden)
            encoder_outputs[ei] += encoder_output[0, 0]
            
        decoder_input = torch.tensor([[SOS_token]], device=device)
        
        decoder_hidden = encoder_hidden
        
        decoded_words = []
        decoder_attentions = torch.zeros(max_length, max_length)
        
        for di in range(max_length):
            decoder_output, decoder_hidden, decoder_attention = decoder(decoder_input, decoder_hidden, encoder_outputs)
            
            decoder_attentions[di] = decoder_attention.data
            topv, topi = decoder_output.data.topk(1)
            
            if topi.item() == EOS_token:
                decoded_words.append('<EOS>')
                break
            else:
                decoded_words.append(output_lang.index2word[topi.item()])
            
            decoder_input = topi.squeeze().detach()
        
        return decoded_words, decoder_attentions[:di + 1]
        

def evaluateRandomly(encoder, decoder, n = 5):
    for i in range(n):
        pair = random.choice(pairs)
        print('>', pair[0])
        print('=', pair[0])
        output_wards, attentions = evaluate(encoder, decoder, pair[0])
        output_sentence = ' '.join(output_wards)
        print('<', output_sentence)
        print('')

四、训练与评估

# ------Training and Evaluate------

hidden_size = 256
encoder1 = EncoderRNN(input_lang.n_words, hidden_size).to(device)
attn_decoder1 = AttnDecoderRNN(hidden_size,output_lang.n_words, dropout_p = 0.1).to(device)
plot_losses = trainIters(encoder1,attn_decoder1,10000,print_every = 5000)

输出：

1m 30s (- 1m 30s) (5000 50%) 3.2205
3m 0s (- 0m 0s) (10000 100%) 2.5522

evaluateRandomly(encoder1, attn_decoder1)

输出：

> j appelle pour signaler un portefeuille perdu .
= j appelle pour signaler un portefeuille perdu .
< i m a bit to call a job . <EOS>

> tu es branchee .
= tu es branchee .
< you re foolish . <EOS>

> elle trouve toujours des defauts a son mari .
= elle trouve toujours des defauts a son mari .
< she is afraid of his age . <EOS>

> elle ne fait pas le poids avec moi .
= elle ne fait pas le poids avec moi .
< she is no as strong as me . <EOS>

> nous sommes depourvues de prejuges .
= nous sommes depourvues de prejuges .
< we re afraid of us . <EOS>

1. Loss图

# ------Loss图------
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100
epochs_range = range(len(plot_losses))
plt.figure(figsize = (8,3))
plt.subplot(1,1,1)
plt.plot(epochs_range,plot_losses,label = 'Training Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training Loss')
plt.show()

2. 可视化注意力

# 可视化注意力
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

output_words,attentions = evaluate(encoder1, attn_decoder1,"je suis trop froid .")
plt.matshow(attentions.numpy())

五、总结

通过使用Teacher Forcing策略，可以在训练解码器时平衡模型的预测能力和稳定性，同时也提供了更灵活的生成模式选择。