PyQt5常用信号

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前言

记录本人常用的PyQt5编程，方便自身查阅，也许有缘能帮到网友。

持续更新中......

一、点击按钮切换窗口（回车登录）

self.ui.pushButton_login.clicked.connect(self.open_mainwindow)

写在初始化函数里。

    def keyPressEvent(self, event):   # 回车登录
        if str(event.key()) == '16777220' or str(event.key()) == '16777221':
            self.open_mainwindow()
            
    def open_mainwindow(self):
        if self.ui.lineEdit_username.text() == 'user' or self.ui.lineEdit_username.text() == 'USER':
            if self.ui.lineEdit_password.text() == '123':
                win.close()
                import pyqt5_mainwindow as main   # 等满足条件后再导入main类（mainwindow已经经过QMainWindow类编辑）
                self.one = main.WinMain()
                self.one.show()
                self.one.ui.stackedWidget_show.setCurrentIndex(0)
            else:
                import pyqt5_message as mess   # 等满足条件后再导入mess类（mess已经经过QMainWindow类编辑）
                self.two = mess.WinMessage()
                self.two.ui.label.setText('账户名或者密码错误！')
                self.two.show()
                self.ui.lineEdit_password.setText('')

写在类方法里就行。

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二、两个或者多个窗口传递参数

这个对于开发应用来说十分必要，关键函数pyqtSignal

先举一个简单的例子：

通过应用小窗口输入账号密码登录，成功登录后关闭原窗口打开大窗口，大窗口有重新登录至工程师模式的按钮，点击该按钮不关闭大窗口并生成新的登录窗口，登录成功后大窗口改变界面。

参考 一、点击按钮切换窗口（回车登录），打开新窗口都不需要通讯，满足条件即可。

重点在于工程师模式登录成功后大窗口改变界面，并非简单粗暴关闭原窗口再打开。

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在需要发送指令的类里面添加pyqtSignal：

from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal

class WinLogin(QMainWindow):
    signal_confirm = pyqtSignal(int)   # 放在最开头，别加self

在类方法里写入当达成什么条件后会发送信息：

    def open_mainwindow(self):
        if self.ui.lineEdit_username.text() == 'ADMIN' or self.ui.lineEdit_username.text() == 'admin':
            if self.ui.lineEdit_password.text() == 'emins' or self.ui.lineEdit_password.text() == 'EMINS':
                self.flag = 1
                self.signal_confirm.emit(self.flag)   # 达成条件，发送flag=1的信息
            else:
                import pyqt5_message as mess
                self.two = mess.WinMessage()
                self.two.ui.label.setText('请输入工程师模式账号！')
                self.two.show()
                self.ui.lineEdit_password.setText('')

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在需要接受到信息的类方法里面添加接收反应：

    def change_engmode(self):
        import pyqt5_login_eng as ple
        self.one = ple.WinLogin()
        self.one.show()
        self.one.signal_confirm.connect(self.enter_engmode)

    def enter_engmode(self, flag):
        if flag == 1:
            self.ui.stackedWidget_show.setCurrentIndex(2)
            self.one.close()

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三、正则化判断输入

在用户输入内容时，往往需要限制输入，为何呢？

举个例子，你程序的某个输入框本来只能处理int数据，这时用户输入了**&&等符号并提交，那么你的程序就会直接奔溃。

于是需要了解正则化判断输入：可以直接看这篇文章——【pyqt5】 关于QT限制输入约束的正则表达式详解和一些常用表达式

若是对正则化感兴趣，可以查看我写的另一篇文章：python常用正则化表达

导入库：

from PyQt5.QtGui import QRegExpValidator
from PyQt5.QtCore import QRegExp

在类初始化方法限定username输入：

        self.username_validator = QRegExpValidator(QRegExp(r'\b[a-zA-Z]{1,5}\b'))
        self.ui.lineEdit_username.setValidator(self.username_validator)

四、自定义QLabel缩放和框选图片

有所参考：PyQt5实现图片缩放、旋转

在PyUIC生成的py文件里新建一个QWidget类来代替QLabel

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QStyleOption, QStyle
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QPixmap, QColor, QPen
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QPoint, Qt, qAbs, QRect


# 定义可伸缩QLabel
class MyLabel(QWidget):  # 不可用QMainWindow,因为QLabel继承自QWidget
    signal_roi = pyqtSignal(list)

    def __init__(self, img_pth, img_state):
        super(MyLabel, self).__init__()
        self.imgPixmap = QPixmap(img_pth)  # 载入图片,不覆写，显示的图片都用scaledImg表达
        self.init_ui_face()
        self.init_img()
        self.scale_width = int(self.init_img_width / 10)   # 定义缩放最小单位
        self.scale_height = int(self.init_img_height / 10)
        self.scaledImg = self.imgPixmap.scaled(self.init_img_size)  # 初始化缩放图
        self.singleOffset = QPoint(0, 0)  # 初始化偏移值
        self.img_state = img_state   # True是移动，False是截图
        self.isLeftPressed = False  # 图片被点住(鼠标左键)标志位
        self.isImgLabelArea = True  # 鼠标进入label图片显示区域
        self.isCutPressLeft = False   # 图片选择标志
        self.isSentROI = False   # 发送坐标标志

    def init_ui_face(self):
        # 初始化界面大小
        self.desktop = QApplication.desktop()
        self.screenRect = self.desktop.screenGeometry()
        self.screenheight = self.screenRect.height()
        self.screenwidth = self.screenRect.width()
        self.open_height = int(self.screenheight * 0.6) - 114
        self.open_width = int(self.screenwidth * 0.4) - 18
        self.resize(self.open_width, self.open_height)

    def init_img(self):
        # 初始化图片尺寸（等比例填充全满QLabel，会有部分看不见）
        if self.imgPixmap.width() > self.imgPixmap.height():
            self.ratio = self.imgPixmap.width() / self.imgPixmap.height()
            self.init_img_height = self.width() / self.ratio
            self.init_img_width = self.width()
            self.init_img_size = QtCore.QSize(self.init_img_width, self.init_img_height)

        else:
            self.ratio = self.imgPixmap.width() / self.imgPixmap.height()
            self.init_img_height = self.height()
            self.init_img_width = self.height() * self.ratio
            self.init_img_size = QtCore.QSize(self.init_img_width, self.init_img_height)

    # def init_img(self):
    #     # 初始化图片尺寸（等比例最大放置于QLabel，全图都能看）
    #     self.img_ratio = self.imgPixmap.width() / self.imgPixmap.height()
    #     self.label_ratio = self.width() / self.height()
    #     if self.img_ratio > self.label_ratio:
    #         self.init_img_height = self.imgPixmap.height() * self.width() / self.imgPixmap.width()
    #         self.init_img_width = self.width()
    #         self.init_img_size = QtCore.QSize(self.init_img_width, self.init_img_height)
    #
    #     else:
    #         self.init_img_height = self.height()
    #         self.init_img_width = self.imgPixmap.width() * self.height() / self.imgPixmap.height()
    #         self.init_img_size = QtCore.QSize(self.init_img_width, self.init_img_height)
    
    def paintEvent(self, event):
        self.painter = QPainter()
        self.painter.begin(self)    # 开始重绘
        shadowColor = QColor(0, 0, 0, 100)  # 黑色半透明
        penColor = QColor(0, 0, 255)     # 画笔颜色
        self.painter.setPen(QPen(penColor, 1, Qt.SolidLine, Qt.RoundCap))    # 设置画笔,蓝色,1px大小,实线,圆形笔帽

        self.painter.drawPixmap(self.singleOffset, self.scaledImg)   # 在offset点上绘制缩放图
        # 找到缩放图的bottom right
        self.scaledImg_br = QPoint(self.scaledImg.width(), self.scaledImg.height()) + self.singleOffset
        self.scaledImg_rect = QRect(self.singleOffset, self.scaledImg_br)   # 缩放图的坐标
        self.painter.fillRect(self.scaledImg_rect, shadowColor)   # 绘制阴影

        # 截取状态下才进行截图
        if self.isCutPressLeft is True:
            pickRect = self.getRectangle(self.beginPosition, self.endPosition)  # 获得要截图的矩形框
            # 进行offset修正
            self.cut_rect = QRect(pickRect.topLeft() - self.singleOffset, pickRect.bottomRight() - self.singleOffset)
            # 设定在缩放图内截取才有效
            if self.cut_rect.height() > 0 and self.cut_rect.width() > 0:
                self.captureImage = self.scaledImg.copy(self.cut_rect)  # 捕获缩放图矩形框内的图片
                self.painter.drawPixmap(pickRect.topLeft(), self.captureImage)  # 填充截图的图片
                self.painter.drawRect(pickRect)  # 画矩形边框

        self.painter.end()

    def getRectangle(self, beginPoint, endPoint):
        # 限制画框区域
        pickRectWidth = int(qAbs(beginPoint.x() - endPoint.x()))
        pickRectHeight = int(qAbs(beginPoint.y() - endPoint.y()))

        pickRectLeft = beginPoint.x() if beginPoint.x() < endPoint.x() else endPoint.x()
        pickRectLeft = pickRectLeft if pickRectLeft > self.singleOffset.x() else self.singleOffset.x()
        pickRectTop = beginPoint.y() if beginPoint.y() < endPoint.y() else endPoint.y()
        pickRectTop = pickRectTop if pickRectTop > self.singleOffset.y() else self.singleOffset.y()
        pickRectRight = pickRectLeft + pickRectWidth if pickRectLeft + pickRectWidth < self.singleOffset.x() \
            + self.scaledImg.width() else self.singleOffset.x() + self.scaledImg.width()
        pickRectBottom = pickRectTop + pickRectHeight if pickRectTop + pickRectHeight < self.singleOffset.y() \
            + self.scaledImg.height() else self.singleOffset.y() + self.scaledImg.height()

        pickRectWidth = pickRectRight - pickRectLeft
        pickRectHeight = pickRectBottom - pickRectTop

        pickRect = QRect(pickRectLeft, pickRectTop, pickRectWidth, pickRectHeight)

        # 避免高度宽度为0时候报错
        if pickRectWidth == 0:
            pickRect.setWidth(2)
        if pickRectHeight == 0:
            pickRect.setHeight(2)

        return pickRect

    def mousePressEvent(self, event):
        if self.img_state:
            self.setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.OpenHandCursor))
            if event.buttons() == QtCore.Qt.LeftButton:
                self.isLeftPressed = True
                self.preMousePosition = event.pos()

        else:
            self.setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.ArrowCursor))
            if event.button() == QtCore.Qt.LeftButton:
                self.isCutPressLeft = True
                self.beginPosition = event.pos()

    def zoom_out(self):
        self.scaledImg = self.imgPixmap.scaled(self.scaledImg.width() + self.scale_width,
                                               self.scaledImg.height() + self.scale_height)
        self.repaint()

    def zoom_in(self):
        self.scaledImg = self.imgPixmap.scaled(self.scaledImg.width() - self.scale_width,
                                               self.scaledImg.height() - self.scale_height)
        self.repaint()

    def wheelEvent(self, event):
        angle = event.angleDelta() / 8
        angleY = angle.y()
        if angleY > 0:
            self.scaledImg = self.imgPixmap.scaled(self.scaledImg.width() + self.scale_width,
                                                   self.scaledImg.height() + self.scale_height)
            newWidth = event.x() - (self.scaledImg.width() * (event.x() - self.singleOffset.x())) \
                       / (self.scaledImg.width() - self.scale_width)
            newHeight = event.y() - (self.scaledImg.height() * (event.y() - self.singleOffset.y())) \
                        / (self.scaledImg.height() - self.scale_height)
            self.singleOffset = QPoint(newWidth, newHeight)
            self.repaint()

        else:
            if self.scaledImg.width() > self.scale_width and self.scaledImg.height() > self.scale_height:
                self.scaledImg = self.imgPixmap.scaled(self.scaledImg.width() - self.scale_width,
                                                       self.scaledImg.height() - self.scale_height)
                newWidth = event.x() - (self.scaledImg.width() * (event.x() - self.singleOffset.x())) \
                           / (self.scaledImg.width() + self.scale_width)
                newHeight = event.y() - (self.scaledImg.height() * (event.y() - self.singleOffset.y())) \
                            / (self.scaledImg.height() + self.scale_height)
                self.singleOffset = QPoint(newWidth, newHeight)
                self.repaint()

    def mouseReleaseEvent(self, event):
        if self.img_state:
            if event.buttons() == QtCore.Qt.LeftButton:
                self.isLeftPressed = False

        else:
            if event.buttons() == QtCore.Qt.LeftButton:
                self.endPosition = event.pos()
                self.isCutPressLeft = False
            self.isSentROI = True

        if event.button() == QtCore.Qt.RightButton:
            self.singleOffset = QPoint(0, 0)
            self.init_img()
            self.scaledImg = self.imgPixmap.scaled(self.init_img_size)
            self.repaint()

    def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
        if self.img_state:
            if self.isLeftPressed:
                self.endMousePosition = event.pos() - self.preMousePosition
                self.singleOffset = self.singleOffset + self.endMousePosition
                self.preMousePosition = event.pos()
                self.repaint()
        else:
            if self.isCutPressLeft is True:
                self.endPosition = event.pos()
                self.update()

    def calculate_coordinate(self):
        # 计算并发送所选坐标对应最初图片的坐标值
        if self.isSentROI:
            self.scale_ratio = self.imgPixmap.width() / self.scaledImg.width()
            self.roi_top = int(self.cut_rect.top() * self.scale_ratio)
            self.roi_left = int(self.cut_rect.left() * self.scale_ratio)
            self.roi_right = int(self.cut_rect.right() * self.scale_ratio)
            self.roi_bottom = int(self.cut_rect.bottom() * self.scale_ratio)
            self.roi = [self.roi_left, self.roi_top, self.roi_right, self.roi_bottom]
            self.signal_roi.emit(self.roi)

放入UI的object类内

        self.label = MyLabel(img_pth, self.img_state)
        # self.label.setMouseTracking(False)   # 若有设置鼠标跟踪的记得关闭

可以在主程序的类内初始化函数内加入pysignal接收端，用于接收框选的坐标值

self.ui.label.signal_roi.connect(self.save_roi)