机器学习-朴素贝叶斯

朴素贝叶斯实现

贝叶斯决策论是概率框架下实施决策的基本方法，对分类任务来说，在所有相关概率都已知的理想情形下，贝叶斯决策论考虑如何基于这些概率和误判损失来选择最优的类别标记。

sklearn参数详解

import math
class NaiveBayes:
    def __init__(self):
        self.model = None

    # 数学期望
    @staticmethod
    def mean(X):
        """计算均值
        Param: X : list or np.ndarray
        
        Return:
            avg : float
        
        """
        avg = 0.0
        # ========= show me your code ==================
        avg = sum(X) / float(len(X))
        # ========= show me your code ==================
        return avg

    # 标准差（方差）
    def stdev(self, X):
        """计算标准差
        Param: X : list or np.ndarray
        
        Return:
            res : float
        
        """
        res = 0.0
        # ========= show me your code ==================
        avg = self.mean(X)
        res = math.sqrt(sum([pow(x - avg, 2) for x in X]) / float(len(X)))
        # ========= show me your code ==================
        return res
        
    # 概率密度函数
    def gaussian_probability(self, x, mean, stdev):
        """根据均值和标注差计算x符号该高斯分布的概率
        Parameters:
        ----------
        x : 输入
        mean : 均值
        stdev : 标准差
        
        Return:
        
        res : float， x符合的概率值
            
        """
        res = 0.0
        # ========= show me your code ==================
        exponent = math.exp(-(math.pow(x - mean, 2) /
                              (2 * math.pow(stdev, 2))))
        res = (1 / (math.sqrt(2 * math.pi) * stdev)) * exponent
        # ========= show me your code ==================
        
        return res
        
    # 处理X_train
    def summarize(self, train_data):
        """计算每个类目下对应数据的均值和标准差
        Param: train_data : list
        
        Return : [mean, stdev]
        """
        summaries = [0.0, 0.0]
        # ========= show me your code ==================
        summaries = [(self.mean(i), self.stdev(i)) for i in zip(*train_data)]
        
        # ========= show me your code ==================
        return summaries

    # 分类别求出数学期望和标准差
    def fit(self, X, y):
        labels = list(set(y))
        data = {label: [] for label in labels}
        for f, label in zip(X, y):
            data[label].append(f)
        self.model = {
            label: self.summarize(value) for label, value in data.items()
        }
        return 'gaussianNB train done!'

    # 计算概率
    def calculate_probabilities(self, input_data):
        """计算数据在各个高斯分布下的概率
        Paramter:
        input_data : 输入数据
        
        Return:
        probabilities : {label : p}
        """
        # summaries:{0.0: [(5.0, 0.37),(3.42, 0.40)], 1.0: [(5.8, 0.449),(2.7, 0.27)]}
        # input_data:[1.1, 2.2]
        probabilities = {}
        # ========= show me your code ==================
        for label, value in self.model.items():
            probabilities[label] = 1
            for i in range(len(value)):
                mean, stdev = value[i]
                probabilities[label] *= self.gaussian_probability(
                    input_data[i], mean, stdev)
        # ========= show me your code ==================
        return probabilities

    # 类别
    def predict(self, X_test):
        # {0.0: 2.9680340789325763e-27, 1.0: 3.5749783019849535e-26}
        label = sorted(self.calculate_probabilities(X_test).items(), key=lambda x: x[-1])[-1][0]
        return label
    # 计算得分
    def score(self, X_test, y_test):
        right = 0
        for X, y in zip(X_test, y_test):
            label = self.predict(X)
            if label == y:
                right += 1

        return right / float(len(X_test))
model = NaiveBayes()
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
print(model.predict([4.4,  3.2,  1.3,  0.2]))
model.score(X_test, y_test)

实际应用中可以直接调用sklearn.naive_bayes.GaussianNB

from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
iris = load_iris()
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(iris.data, iris.target, test_size=0.2)
clf = GaussianNB().fit(X_train, y_train)
print ("Classifier Score:", clf.score(X_test, y_test))