设计模式：观察者模式

观察着人模式定义了一种一对多的依赖关系，让多个观察者对象同时监听某一个主题对象，这个主题对象在状态发生变化时，会通知所有观察者对象，使它们能够自动更新自己。

UML类图如下：

 

一个例子：上课时，有些人在打牌，但是又怕老师看见，所以他们就叫一个人看着老师，只有老师一过来就告诉他们。

具体代码如下：

 //Subject基类

#ifndef OBSERVER_H #define OBSERVER_H #include <string> class Subject; using std::string; class Observer { protected: Observer(string na,Subject* sub=0):name(na),subject(sub){} virtual ~Observer(){} public: virtual void Update()=0; protected: string name; Subject* subject; }; #endif

 

具体Subject类

#include "Subject.h" #include <vector> #include <algorithm> using std::vector; class TeacherSubject:public Subject { public: TeacherSubject(){} ~TeacherSubject(){} public: virtual void Attach(Observer* observer){vObserver.push_back (observer);}; virtual void Detach(Observer* observer); virtual void Notify(); virtual string GetSubjectState()const{return action;} virtual void SetSubjectState(string strState){action=strState;}; private: string action; vector<Observer*> vObserver; }; void TeacherSubject::Detach(Observer* observer) { vector<Observer*>::iterator iter; iter=find(vObserver.begin (),vObserver.end (),observer); if(iter!=vObserver.end ()) vObserver.erase (iter); } void TeacherSubject::Notify() { vector<Observer*>::iterator iter=vObserver.begin (); while(iter!=vObserver.end()) { (*iter)->Update (); ++iter; } } 还有一个StudentSubject类于此类类似

 

Observer基类：

#ifndef OBSERVER_H #define OBSERVER_H #include <string> class Subject; using std::string; class Observer { protected: Observer(string na,Subject* sub=0):name(na),subject(sub){} virtual ~Observer(){} public: virtual void Update()=0; protected: string name; Subject* subject;//为了获得subject的状态 }; #endif

 

//具体Observer类
class StudentObserver:public Observer { public: StudentObserver(string na,Subject* sub=0):Observer(na,sub){} ~StudentObserver(){} public: virtual void Update() { cout<<subject->GetSubjectState ()<<endl; cout<<name<<" Stop Playing Cards,Continue Listening to Teacher/n"; } };

 

//客户端

#include "StudentSubject.h" #include "TeacherSubject.h" #include "StudentObserver.h" int main() { Subject* subject1=new StudentSubject(); StudentObserver StudentA("huangbing",subject1); StudentObserver StudentB("haozi",subject1); subject1->Attach (&StudentA); subject1->Attach (&StudentB); subject1->SetSubjectState ("Teacher is coming"); subject1->Notify (); delete subject1; return 0; } 结果： Teacher is coming huangbing Stop Playing Cards,Continue Listening to Teacher Teacher is coming haozi Stop Playing Cards,Continue Listening to Teacher