设计模式：抽象工厂模式

 抽象工厂模式：提供一个创建一系列相关或相互依赖对象的接口，而无需指定它们具体的类。

类图如下：

一个例子：在在两种不同的数据库里处理User，Department表的数据

//User类

#ifndef USER_H #define USER_H #include <string> using std::string; class User { public: User(){} User(string na,int ag,int id=0):name(na),age(ag){} ~User(){} public: void SetName(string na){name=na;} string GetName()const{return name;} void SetAge(int ag){age=ag;} int GetAge()const{return age;} void SetId(int i){id=i;} int GetId()const{return id;} private: string name; int age; int id; }; #endif

 

//IUser类

#ifndef IUSER_H #define IUSER_H #include "User.h" class IUser { public: IUser(){} virtual ~IUser(){} public: virtual void Insert(const User& user)const=0; virtual User GetUser(int id)=0; }; #endif

 

//SqlServerUser类

#include "Iuser.h" #include <iostream> using std::cout; class SqlServerUser:public IUser { public: virtual void Insert(const User& user)const; virtual User GetUser(int id); }; void SqlServerUser::Insert(const User& user)const { cout<<"在Sql Server中给User表增加一条记录/n"; } User SqlServerUser::GetUser(int id) { cout<<"在Sql Server中根据id得到User表一条记录"; return User(); }

 

//AccessUser类

#include "Iuser.h" #include <iostream> using std::cout; class AccessUser:public IUser { public: virtual void Insert(const User& user)const; virtual User GetUser(int id); }; void AccessUser::Insert(const User& user)const { cout<<"在Access中给User表增加一条记录/n"; } User AccessUser::GetUser(int id) { cout<<"在Access中根据id得到User表一条记录"; return User(); }

 

//于Department相关的类于User类型

 

//Factory基类

#ifndef FACTORY_H #define FACTORY_H #include "Iuser.h" #include "IDepartment.h" class Factory { public: Factory(){} virtual ~Factory(){} public: virtual IUser* CreateUser()=0; virtual IDepartment* CreateDepartment()=0; }; #endif

 

SqlServerFactory

#include "Factory.h" #include "SqlServerUser.h" #include "SqlServerDepartment.h" class SqlServerFactory:public Factory { public: virtual IUser* CreateUser(); virtual IDepartment* CreateDepartment(); }; IUser* SqlServerFactory::CreateUser() { return new SqlServerUser(); } IDepartment* SqlServerFactory::CreateDepartment() { return new SqlServerDepartment(); }

 

//AccessFactory类

#include "Factory.h" #include "AccessUser.h" #include "AccessDepartment.h" class AccessFactory:public Factory { public: virtual IUser* CreateUser(); virtual IDepartment* CreateDepartment(); }; IUser* AccessFactory::CreateUser() { return new AccessUser(); } IDepartment* AccessFactory::CreateDepartment() { return new AccessDepartment(); }

 

//主类：
#include "SqlServerFactory.h" #include "AccessFactory.h" int main() { Factory* factory=new SqlServerFactory(); User user("xiaoyang",18,4); IUser* ssUser; ssUser=factory->CreateUser (); ssUser->Insert (user); delete ssUser; delete factory; return 0; } 结果： 在Sql Server中给User表增加一条记录

 

在以下情况下应当考虑使用抽象工厂模式：

• 一个系统不应当依赖于产品类实例如何被创建、组合和表达的细节，这对于所有形态的工厂模式都是重要的。
• 这个系统有多于一个的产品族，而系统只消费其中某一产品族。
• 同属于同一个产品族的产品是在一起使用的，这一约束必须在系统的设计中体现出来。
• 系统提供一个产品类的库，所有的产品以同样的接口出现，从而使客户端不依赖于实现