下面代码是使用python实现websocket后端服务;用于与前端网页进行通信
核心代码
from threading import Thread
import sys
import os
import base64
import hashlib
import socket
import struct
sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__) + '/' + '..'))
sys.path.append("..")
class CaptureInfoWriteFile:
def __init__(self,prot):
# 应该new一个新的连接对象吧
self.conns = []
# 端口号进行加100, 避免运行多端时,端口重复,同时上限为100
self.prots = prot+100
# 创建一个websocket服务端
sock = socket.socket()
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# 绑定host,默认端口5000
sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', self.prots))
sock.listen(5)
# 创建线程,等待客户端连接
tt = Thread(target=self.connect_client, args=(sock,))
tt.start()
print("启动线程成功,开始监听服务端数据")
print("-------------------------------------------------")
# 开始获取前端传入的数据url ,X 和datas
def get_headers(self,data):
"""
将请求头转换为字典
:param data: 解析请求头的data
:return: 请求头字典
"""
header_dict = {}
data = str(data, encoding="utf-8")
"""
请求头格式:
b'
GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n
Host: 127.0.0.1:8080\r\n
Connection: Upgrade\r\n
Pragma: no-cache\r\n
Cache-Control: no-cache\r\n
Upgrade: websocket\r\n
Origin: http://localhost:63342\r\n
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\n
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.90 Safari/537.36\r\n
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\r\n
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8\r\n
Sec-WebSocket-Key: +uL/aiakjNABjEoMzAqm6Q==\r\n
Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate; client_max_window_bits\r\n\r\n'
"""
header, body = data.split("\r\n\r\n", 1) # 因为请求头信息结尾都是\r\n,并且最后末尾部分是\r\n\r\n;
# 所以以此分割
header_list = header.split("\r\n")
for i in range(0, len(header_list)):
if i == 0:
if len(header_list[0].split(" ")) == 3:
header_dict['method'], header_dict['url'], header_dict['protocol'] = header_list[0].split(" ")
else:
k, v = header_list[i].split(":", 1)
header_dict[k] = v.strip()
return header_dict
def get_data(self,info):
"""
对返回消息进行解码
:param info: 原始消息
:return: 解码之后的汉字
"""
payload_len = info[1] & 127
if payload_len == 126:
extend_payload_len = info[2:4]
mask = info[4:8]
decoded = info[8:]
elif payload_len == 127:
extend_payload_len = info[2:10]
mask = info[10:14]
decoded = info[14:]
else:
extend_payload_len = None
mask = info[2:6]
decoded = info[6:]
bytes_list = bytearray() # 使用字节将数据全部收集,再去字符串编码,这样不会导致中文乱码
for i in range(len(decoded)):
chunk = decoded[i] ^ mask[i % 4] # 解码方式
bytes_list.append(chunk)
body = str(bytes_list, encoding='utf-8')
return body
def send_data(self,conn,msg_bytes):
token=b"\x81"
length=len(msg_bytes)
if length<126:
token+=struct.pack("B",length)
elif length<0xFFFF:
token+=struct.pack("!BH",126,length)
else:
token+=struct.pack("!BQ",127,length)
msg=token+msg_bytes
print(msg)
conn.send(msg)
return True
def wait_data(self,conn):
while True:
data = conn.recv(8096)
data = self.get_data(data)
# 判断客户端是否已关闭
if data=="关闭":
print(f'客户端关闭了连接')
break
print("Receive msg==>", data)
# send_data(conn, bytes("我是心的回复信息呀", encoding='utf-8'))
conn.close()
def connect_client(self,sock):
conns = self.conns
# 等待用户连接,一个线程只等待一个用户
conn, addr = sock.accept()
print("conn from==>", conn, addr)
# 连接上后将其加入集合
# 添加之前绑定上一个唯一的key,然后在取时,跟进key进行取
# conns[str(prots)] = conn
conns.append(conn)
# 获取握手消息,magic string ,sha1加密
# 发送给客户端
# 握手消息
data = conn.recv(8096)
headers = self.get_headers(data)
# 对请求头中的sec-websocket-key进行加密
response_tpl = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n" \
"Upgrade:websocket\r\n" \
"Connection: Upgrade\r\n" \
"Sec-WebSocket-Accept: %s\r\n" \
"WebSocket-Location: ws://%s%s\r\n\r\n"
magic_string = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'
# 确认握手Sec-WebSocket-Key固定格式:headers头部的Sec-WebSocket-Key+'258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'
value = headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key'] + magic_string
ac = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(value.encode('utf-8')).digest())
response_str = response_tpl % (ac.decode('utf-8'), headers['Host'], headers['url'])
print(type(response_str))
print(response_str)
# 响应【握手】信息
conn.send(bytes(response_str, encoding='utf-8'))
#连接上后,处理客户端的收发信息
th = Thread(target=self.wait_data, args=(conn,))
th.start()
最后可以通过调取send_data方法,发送信息;get_data对发送过来的信息进行解析处理
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