运算符 | 优先级 |
---|---|
postfix | expr++ expr-- |
unary | ++expr --expr +expr -expr ~ ! |
multiplicative | * / % |
additive | + - |
shift | << >> >>> |
relational | < > <= >= instanceof |
equality | == != |
bitwise AND | & |
bitwise exclusive OR | ^ |
bitwise inclusive OR | | |
logical AND | && |
logical OR | || |
ternary | ? : |
assignment | = += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>= |
Precedence | Operator | Description | Associativity |
---|---|---|---|
1 | :: | Scope resolution | Left-to-right |
2 | ++ -- | Suffix/postfix increment and decrement | |
() | Function call | ||
[] | Array subscripting | ||
. | Element selection by reference | ||
−> | Element selection through pointer | ||
3 | ++ -- | Prefix increment and decrement | Right-to-left |
+ − | Unary plus and minus | ||
! ~ | Logical NOT and bitwise NOT | ||
(type) | Type cast | ||
* | Indirection (dereference) | ||
& | Address-of | ||
sizeof | Size-of | ||
new , new[] | Dynamic memory allocation | ||
delete , delete[] | Dynamic memory deallocation | ||
4 | .* ->* | Pointer to member | Left-to-right |
5 | * / % | Multiplication, division, and remainder | |
6 | + − | Addition and subtraction | |
7 | << >> | Bitwise left shift and right shift | |
8 | < <= | For relational operators < and ≤ respectively | |
> >= | For relational operators > and ≥ respectively | ||
9 | == != | For relational = and ≠ respectively | |
10 | & | Bitwise AND | |
11 | ^ | Bitwise XOR (exclusive or) | |
12 | | | Bitwise OR (inclusive or) | |
13 | && | Logical AND | |
14 | || | Logical OR | |
15 | ?: | Ternary conditional | Right-to-Left |
16 | = | Direct assignment (provided by default for C++ classes) | |
+= −= | Assignment by sum and difference | ||
*= /= %= | Assignment by product, quotient, and remainder | ||
<<= >>= | Assignment by bitwise left shift and right shift | ||
&= ^= |= | Assignment by bitwise AND, XOR, and OR | ||
17 | throw | Throw operator (for exceptions) | |
18 | , | Comma | Left-to-right |
Precedence | Operator | Description | Associativity |
---|---|---|---|
1 | ++ -- | Suffix/postfix increment and decrement | Left-to-right |
() | Function call | ||
[] | Array subscripting | ||
. | Structure and union member access | ||
−> | Structure and union member access through pointer | ||
(type){list} | Compound literal(C99) | ||
2 | ++ -- | Prefix increment and decrement | Right-to-left |
+ − | Unary plus and minus | ||
! ~ | Logical NOT and bitwise NOT | ||
(type) | Type cast | ||
* | Indirection (dereference) | ||
& | Address-of | ||
sizeof | Size-of | ||
_Alignof | Alignment requirement(C11) | ||
3 | * / % | Multiplication, division, and remainder | Left-to-right |
4 | + − | Addition and subtraction | |
5 | << >> | Bitwise left shift and right shift | |
6 | < <= | For relational operators < and ≤ respectively | |
> >= | For relational operators > and ≥ respectively | ||
7 | == != | For relational = and ≠ respectively | |
8 | & | Bitwise AND | |
9 | ^ | Bitwise XOR (exclusive or) | |
10 | | | Bitwise OR (inclusive or) | |
11 | && | Logical AND | |
12 | || | Logical OR | |
13 | ?: | Ternary conditional | Right-to-Left |
14 | = | Simple assignment | |
+= −= | Assignment by sum and difference | ||
*= /= %= | Assignment by product, quotient, and remainder | ||
<<= >>= | Assignment by bitwise left shift and right shift | ||
&= ^= |= | Assignment by bitwise AND, XOR, and OR | ||
15 | , | Comma | Left-to-right |
结合方向 | 运算符 | 附加信息 |
---|---|---|
非结合 | clone new | clone 和 new |
左 | [ | array() |
非结合 | ++ -- | 递增/递减运算符 |
非结合 | ~ - (int) (float) (string) (array) (object) (bool) @ | 类型 |
非结合 | instanceof | 类型 |
右结合 | ! | 逻辑操作符 |
左 | * / % | 算术运算符 |
左 | + - . | 算术运算符 和 字符串运算符 |
左 | << >> | 位运算符 |
非结合 | < <= > >= <> | 比较运算符 |
非结合 | == != === !== | 比较运算符 |
左 | & | 位运算符 和 引用 |
左 | ^ | 位运算符 |
左 | | | 位运算符 |
左 | && | 逻辑运算符 |
左 | || | 逻辑运算符 |
左 | ? : | 三元运算符 |
右 | = += -= *= /= .= %= &= |= ^= <<= >>= | 赋值运算符 |
左 | and | 逻辑运算符 |
左 | xor | 逻辑运算符 |
左 | or | 逻辑运算符 |
左 | , | 多处用到 |
这个表给出Python的运算符优先级(从低到高).
从最低的优先级(最松散地结合)到最高的优先级(最紧密地结合)。
这意味着在一个表达式中,Python会首先计算表中较下面的运算符,然后在计算列在表上部的运算符。
运算符 | 描述 |
---|---|
lambda | Lambda表达式 |
or | 布尔“或” |
and | 布尔“与” |
not x | 布尔“非” |
in,not in | 成员测试 |
is,is not | 同一性测试 |
<,<=,>,>=,!=,== | 比较 |
| | 按位或 |
^ | 按位异或 |
& | 按位与 |
<<,>> | 移位 |
+,- | 加法与减法 |
*,/,% | 乘法、除法与取余 |
+x,-x | 正负号 |
~x | 按位翻转 |
** | 指数 |
x.attribute | 属性参考 |
x[index] | 下标 |
x[index:index] | 寻址段 |
f(arguments...) | 函数调用 |
(experession,...) | 绑定或元组显示 |
[expression,...] | 列表显示 |
{key:datum,...} | 字典显示 |
'expression,...' | 字符串转换 |
from: http://tool.oschina.net/