数组的替代品vector和array

#include <iostream>
#include <vector> //STL C++98
#include <array> //C++11
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    //C, original C++
    double a1[4]={1.2,2.4,3.6,4.8};
    //C++ 98 STL
    vector<double> a2(4); //create vector with 4 elements
    //no simple way to initialize in C98
    a2[0]=1.0/3.0;
    a2[1]=1.0/5.0;
    a2[2]=1.0/7.0;
    a2[3]=1.0/9.0;
    //C++11--create and initialize array object
    array<double,4> a3={3.14,2.72,1.62,1.41};
    array<double,4> a4;
    a4=a3;  //valid for array objects of same size
    //use array notation
    cout<<"a1[2]: "<<a1[2]<<" at "<<&a1[2]<<endl;
    cout<<"a2[2]: "<<a2[2]<<" at "<<&a2[2]<<endl;
    cout<<"a3[2]: "<<a3[2]<<" at "<<&a3[2]<<endl;
    cout<<"a4[2]: "<<a4[2]<<" at "<<&a4[2]<<endl;
    //misdeed
    a1[-2]=20.2;
    cout<<"a1[-2]: "<<a1[-2]<<" at "<<&a1[-2]<<endl;
    cout<<"a3[2]: "<<a3[2]<<" at "<<&a3[2]<<endl;
    cout<<"a4[2]: "<<a4[2]<<" at "<<&a4[2]<<endl;

    return 0;
}

array对象和数组存储在相同的内存区域（栈）中，而vector对象存储在另一个区域（自由存储区或堆）中。第三，注意到可以将一个array对象赋值给另一个array对象；而对于数组，必须逐元素复制数据。