考研阅读计划23——2010（商业营销的专利危机）

写在前面

Hi，我是新海，一个正在备战的考研人。
最近需要进行大量的考研专项阅读，于是萌生了一个翻译计划，准备翻译1986——2018年所有阅读，通过大量的阅读训练来熟悉考研单词，短语以及语法，更深刻理解考研阅读。

下面是我的第23篇，所有中文释义，均是由本人整理翻译，当然也有不够完善的地方，欢迎大家评论补充。

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Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods. Amazon.com received one for its “one-click” online payment system.
在过去的十年中，数以千计的专利被授予所谓的商业方法。Amazon.com收到了一个“一键式”在线支付系统。
Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.
美林对资产配置策略有法律保护。
One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.
一个发明家申请了一种提升箱子的技术。
Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.
现在，美国最高专利法院似乎已经完全准备好缩减商业方法专利，这些专利自从10年前首次被授权以来就一直备受争议。
In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.
美国联邦巡回上诉法院(U.S.CourtofAppealofFederalCir.)表示，将利用一个特定案例对商业方法专利进行广泛审查。
In re Bilski , as the case is known , is “a very big deal”, says Dennis’D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law.
密苏里大学法学院的丹尼斯·D·克劳奇说，众所周知，比尔斯基是“一件大事”。
It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”
它“有可能消除整个专利类别。”
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions.
对商业方法索赔的限制将是一个戏剧性的转变，因为联邦巡回法院本身在1998年所谓的州立街头银行案件中采用了这种专利，批准了共同基金资产汇集方式的专利。这项裁决引发了商业方法专利申请的激增，最初是新兴的互联网公司试图为特定类型的在线交易确定专属品脱。
Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch.
后来，老牌公司竞相将这些专利加入他们的档案，如果仅仅是为了对付那些可能使他们陷入困境的竞争对手。
In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.
2005年，IBM在法庭申请中指出，尽管它质疑授予商业方法专利的法律依据，但它已经颁发了300多项商业方法专利。类似地，一些华尔街投资电影也为自己的金融产品申请了专利，即使他们在反对这种做法的法庭案件中担任了职务。
The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.
Bilski案涉及在能源市场对冲风险的方法的专利申请。联邦巡回法院发布了一项不同寻常的命令，规定该案件将由法院所有12名法官审理，而不是由3名法官组成的典型小组，并且联邦巡回法院希望评估的一个问题是，它是否应该“重新考虑”其州立街道银行的裁决。
The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious.
联邦巡回法院的行动是在最高法院最近做出一系列决定之后作出的，这些决定限制了专利持有者的保护范围。例如，去年四月，法官们发出信号，太多的专利被支持“发明”是显而易见的。
The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti-patient trend at the supreme court” ,says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.
联邦巡回法庭的法官们“正在对最高法院的反病人倾向作出反应”，华盛顿大学法学院副律师兼教授Harole C.wegner说。

重点词汇

• thousands of数千的
• business methods营业手段
• online payment在线支付，网络支付
• Merrill Lynch美林证券
• legal protection法律保护
• asset allocation资产配置; 资产调配
• patent court专利法庭
• court of Appeals地区法院( Court of Appeal的名词复数 )
• particular case特别情况，特例
• School of law法学院

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写在最后

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作者：新海
12月8日晚