Docker部署及常用命令

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-09 10:53:09 发布

God_ZY

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-09 10:53:09 发布

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分类专栏：云计算文章标签： docker

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/God_ZY/article/details/110132750

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概述

一、将所需的环境架构上传至容器，打包镜像，往仓库传，需方直接下拉

现目前运维使用最多的服务

Dockerfile，Docker构件镜像三种方式中使用最广泛的一种

服务彼此间相互独立——服务间的解耦

解耦：建立连接，便于管理，防止数据过多积累在一个文件中
服务可以灵活迁移——Docker引擎——Docker-ce

Docker概述

是一种轻量级的“虚拟机”

在Linux容器里运行应用的开源工具

Docker与虚拟机的区别

	虚拟机	容器
启动	1-3分钟	毫秒
容量	占用大	占用小
安全性	安全	不安全（共享内核资源）
隔离级别	操作系统级	进程级
系统资源	5~15%	0~5%
镜像储存	GB-TB	KB-MB
集群规模	上百	上万
高可用策略	备份、容灾、迁移	弹性、负载、动态

Docker的使用场景

打包应用程序简单化部署
可脱离底层硬件任意迁移

Docker核心概念

镜像

一个面向Docker容器引擎的只读模板
容器

从镜像创建的运行实例
仓库

集中保存镜像的地方

安装Docker

安装最新版本Docker依赖版本环境

[root@server1 ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
base                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                       | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                      | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                            | 222 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                | 153 kB  00:00:00     
(3/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                              | 6.1 MB  00:00:00     
(4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                           | 3.7 MB  00:00:02 

#yum-utils提供了 yum-config-manager
#device mapper 存储驱动程序需要 device-mapper-persistent-data 和 lvm2
#Device Mapper 是 Linux2.6 内核中支持逻辑卷管理的通用设备映射机制
他为实验用于储存资源管理的块设备驱动提供了一共高度模块化的内核架构

设置阿里云镜像源

[root@server1 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
adding repo from: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

安装Docker-CE

[root@server1 ~]# yum -y install docker-ce

已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系

查看docker版本

[root@server1 docker]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.13
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.13.15
 Git commit:        4484c46d9d
 Built:             Wed Sep 16 17:03:45 2020
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.13
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.13.15
  Git commit:       4484c46d9d
  Built:            Wed Sep 16 17:02:21 2020
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.3.7
  GitCommit:        8fba4e9a7d01810a393d5d25a3621dc101981175
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc10
  GitCommit:        dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.18.0
  GitCommit:        fec3683

查看公有仓库

[root@server1 docker]# docker search nginx

NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        14063               [OK]                
jwilder/nginx-proxy                Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1912                                    [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm            Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   795                                     [OK]
linuxserver/nginx                  An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   131                                     
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager           Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho…   115                                     
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp                Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp…   105                                     [OK]
bitnami/nginx                      Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      90                                      [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp                    NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou…   80                                      [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager        Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager        72                                      [OK]

搜索镜像

[root@server1 docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

获取镜像

[root@server1 docker]# docker pull nginx

Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
852e50cd189d: Pull complete 
571d7e852307: Pull complete 
addb10abd9cb: Pull complete 
d20aa7ccdb77: Pull complete 
8b03f1e11359: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:6b1daa9462046581ac15be20277a7c75476283f969cb3a61c8725ec38d3b01c3
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

查看镜像

[root@server1 docker]# docker images nginx   #查看镜像信息

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              bc9a0695f571        6 hours ago         133MB

[root@server1 docker]# docker inspect nginx   #查看镜像详细信息
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:bc9a0695f5712dcaaa09a5adc415a3936ccba13fc2587dfd76b1b8aeea3f221c",
        "RepoTags": [
            "nginx:latest"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "nginx@sha256:6b1daa9462046581ac15be20277a7c75476283f969cb3a61c8725ec38d3b01c3"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2020-11-25T00:30:19.011398516Z",
        "Container": "279e6916c4aaaf5d61e468508abd96933f4e48194bd979dc692e0196cde2d59d",

添加新标签

[root@server1 docker]# docker tag nginx:latest nginx:web   #修改标签为nginx:web

[root@server1 docker]# docker images nginx

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              bc9a0695f571        6 hours ago         133MB
nginx               web                 bc9a0695f571        6 hours ago         133MB

删除镜像

[root@server1 docker]# docker rmi nginx(或者镜像ID)
Untagged: nginx:latest
[root@server1 docker]# docker images nginx
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               web                 bc9a0695f571        6 hours ago         133MB

添加新标签之后无法用镜像ID删除
[root@server1 docker]# docker tag nginx:latest nginx:web
[root@server1 docker]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              bc9a0695f571        6 hours ago         133MB
nginx               web                 bc9a0695f571        6 hours ago         133MB
[root@server1 docker]# docker rmi bc9a0695f571
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete bc9a0695f571 (must be forced) - image is referenced in multiple repositories

使用名称删除，无法删除镜像，只能删除名称
如果使用多重重命名镜像，则需删除名称直至最后一个镜像

保存镜像

[root@server1 opt]# docker save -o nginx nginx:latest
[root@server1 opt]# ll
总用量 133884
drwx--x--x. 4 root root        28 11月 25 14:18 containerd
-rw-------. 1 root root 137096704 11月 25 14:52 nginx
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 3月  26 2015 rh

载入镜像

一、将镜像保存到本地，删除docker中的镜像用于验证
[root@server1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

[root@server1 opt]# docker load < nginx 
f5600c6330da: Loading layer  72.52MB/72.52MB
7ccabd267c9f: Loading layer  64.54MB/64.54MB
850c2400ea4d: Loading layer  3.072kB/3.072kB
f790aed835ee: Loading layer  4.096kB/4.096kB
7e914612e366: Loading layer  3.584kB/3.584kB
Loaded image: nginx:latest

[root@server1 opt]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              bc9a0695f571        6 hours ago         133MB

查看容器

[root@server1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
27766c25cee5        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 seconds ago       Created                                 agitated_shockley

-a 列出所有容器，包括未运行的容器

容器创建

[root@server1 ~]# docker create -it nginx:latest /bin/bash
27766c25cee55f51e1f42853f4a1d6bc0c752ea42798aa5335ea1bd20f9cff40

[root@server1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
27766c25cee5        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 seconds ago       Created                                 agitated_shockley

-i 让容器的标准输入保持打开
-t 让docker分配一个伪终端

启动容器/停止容器

[root@server1 ~]# docker start 27766c25cee5 
27766c25cee5
[root@server1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
27766c25cee5        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About a minute ago   Up 3 seconds        80/tcp              agitated_shockley

[root@server1 ~]# docker stop 27766c25cee5
27766c25cee5
[root@server1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
27766c25cee5        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 minutes ago       Exited (137) 12 seconds ago                       agitated_shockley
正常关闭容器返回值为0
非正常关闭容器返回值为非0值

容器创建加启动命令

[root@server1 ~]# docker run -itd centos:7 /bin/bash
Unable to find image 'centos:7' locally
7: Pulling from library/centos
2d473b07cdd5: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0f4ec88e21daf75124b8a9e5ca03c37a5e937e0e108a255d890492430789b60e
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7
f89676a10c55276470ea5a643252293aeb6402af501a1a3d8ffa3cf4f4108c10

[root@server1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
f89676a10c55        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              5 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds                                     stupefied_kilby
27766c25cee5        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   6 minutes ago       Exited (137) 3 minutes ago                       agitated_shockley

如果没有该镜像，则会自动下载

进入容器

[root@server1 ~]# docker exec -it f89676a10c55 /bin/bash

[root@f89676a10c55 /]# yum -y install net-tools
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

[root@f89676a10c55 /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.2  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255     #容器IP和本机docker0IP一致
        ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 4887  bytes 11200117 (10.6 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 2916  bytes 160794 (157.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  co

让容器执行一次性命令

[root@server1 ~]# docker run nginx:latest /bin/bash -c ls
bin
boot
dev
docker-entrypoint.d
docker-entrypoint.sh
etc
home
lib
lib64
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var

[root@server1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS                            PORTS               NAMES
03a3c18db923        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   37 seconds ago       Exited (0) 36 seconds ago                             great_dubinsky
10a85cad04be        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About a minute ago   Exited (127) About a minute ago                       keen_boyd
733b6168c968        centos:7            "-c ls"                  4 minutes ago        Created                                               upbeat_dirac
6b5a5ec5448e        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 minutes ago        Exited (127) 5 minutes ago                            vigorous_matsumoto
3b3aac174fcf        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   6 minutes ago        Exited (127) 6 minutes ago                            practical_goldstine
f89676a10c55        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              15 minutes ago       Up 15 minutes                                         stupefied_kilby
27766c25cee5        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   21 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes                      80/tcp              agitated_shockley

运算完成之后容器关闭，自动释放资源

容器导出/导入

[root@server1 ~]# docker export f89676a10c55 > /opt/nginx_c
[root@server1 ~]# cd /opt
[root@server1 opt]# ll
总用量 402284
drwx--x--x. 4 root root        28 11月 25 14:18 containerd
-rw-------. 1 root root 137096704 11月 25 14:52 nginx
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 274841600 11月 25 15:22 nginx_c
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 3月  26 2015 rh

[root@server1 ~]# cd /opt
[root@server1 opt]# cat nginx_c | docker import - nginx:web     ###会生成镜像，而不会创建容器
sha256:a2a3ec303c94856805338f879c25ffbac5a994f68aadf1512c82f9dcc9ae94f0
[root@server1 opt]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               web                 a2a3ec303c94        6 seconds ago       267MB
<none>              <none>              ed426aa87a0a        18 seconds ago      0B
nginx               latest              bc9a0695f571        7 hours ago         133MB
centos              7                   8652b9f0cb4c        11 days ago         204MB

删除容器/批量删除容器

[root@server1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
03a3c18db923        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 minutes ago       Exited (0) 4 minutes ago                          great_dubinsky
[root@server1 ~]# docker rm 03a3c18db923 
03a3c18db923

[root@server1 ~]# docker ps -a | awk '{print "docker rm "$1}'| bash
Error: No such container: CONTAINER
10a85cad04be
733b6168c968
6b5a5ec5448e
3b3aac174fcf
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container f89676a10c55276470ea5a643252293aeb6402af501a1a3d8ffa3cf4f4108c10. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 27766c25cee55f51e1f42853f4a1d6bc0c752ea42798aa5335ea1bd20f9cff40. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
[root@server1 ~]# docker ps -a 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
f89676a10c55        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              36 minutes ago      Up 36 minutes                           stupefied_kilby
27766c25cee5        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   42 minutes ago      Up 26 minutes       80/tcp              agitated_shockley