C语言第二十七讲

课堂笔记

1.  函数指针

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int add(int a,int b)

{

        return a+b;     

}

 int multi(int a,int b)

 {

       return a*b;

 }

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

   

    int (*p)(int a,int b);

    p=add;   

    cout<<p(10,20)<<endl;

//p相当于add函数

    p=multi;   

    cout<<p(10,20)<<endl;

       

        return 0;

}

1. 字符串初步

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

#include <string.h>新的头文件，str家族

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

   

    char a='A';//要用单引号括起来才是单个字符型数据

   

cout<<(void *)&a<<"\t"<<a<<endl;//强制转换类型，否则取不出地址

初始方式一：一个一个数给单引号

char s1[10]={'h','e','l','l','o'};

初始方式二：双引号把所有数括起来

    char s2[10]="HELLO1234";

    char s3[10];

    //s3="hello";//这种写法是将一个地址想要赋值给s3，s3是数组名，是常量 错误×

    //字符不能超过10个，最多初始化9个，0字符占一个位置

    strcpy(s3,"hello");//copy 把s2参数的值复制给s1

    strcat(s3,"123456"); 

        //字符串连接， 要注意不要连接完之后不要超过数组的容量

    //虽然输出成功没有报错，但实际上已经超界，会有隐藏风险

    cout<<(void *)s1<<"\ts1="<<s1<<endl;  //'\0'  C++规定其为字符串的结束符

    cout<<(void *)s2<<"\ts2="<<s2<<endl; //取到空字符为止会停

    cout<<"s3="<<s3<<endl;

    cout<<strupr(s3)<<endl;//uppercase 把小写变大写

    cout<<strlwr(s2)<<endl;//把大写变小写

   

   

    cout<<sizeof(s1)<<endl;//求所占字节/大小

    cout<<sizeof(s2)<<endl;

        注：一个汉字占两个字节

        cout<<strlen(s1)<<endl;//求现在字符所占长度

        cout<<strlen(s2)<<endl;

       

        cout<<strcmp(s1,s2)<<endl;//compare 对比两数，对比的是字母排序

        //-1,s1<s2   0 ,s1=s2  1,s1>s2

小栗子：

char weekday[7][10]={"sunday","monday","tuesday","wednesday","thursday","friday","saturday"};

        for (int i=0;i<7;i++)

{ cout<<weekday[i]<<endl;}

                

        return 0;

}

代码测试

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string.h>
/* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */
int add(int a,int b)
{
	return a+b;
}
int mul(int a,int b)
{
	return a*b;
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
//	int(*p)(int a,int b); 
//	p=add;
//	cout<<p(10,20)<<endl;
//	p=mul;
//	cout<<p(10,20)<<endl;
	char a='A';
	cout<<(void*)&a<<"\t"<<a<<endl;
	char s1[10]={'A','B','\0','D','E'};
	char s2[10]="FG\0HIJ";
	cout<<s1<<"\t"<<s2<<endl;
	cout<<sizeof(s1)<<endl;
	cout<<sizeof(s2)<<endl;
	cout<<strlen(s1)<<endl;
	cout<<strlen(s2)<<endl;
	cout<<strcmp(s1,s2)<<endl;
	char weekday[7][10]={"Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wensday","Thursday","Friday","Saturady"};//七行十列，一个字符占一列，不够补零 
	for(int i=0;i<7;i++) 
	{
		cout<<weekday[i]<<endl;
	}
	char s3[10];
	strcpy(s3,"yadB");
	cout<<s3<<endl;
	strcat(s3,"123");
	cout<<s3<<endl;
	cout<<strupr(s3)<<endl;
	cout<<strlwr(s3)<<endl;
	return 0;
}