C++ Primer 学习笔记 第四章 表达式

一元运算符: 取地址符号&, 解引用符号
二元运算符: 加号+ 减- 乘 除

程序的溢出

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;


//  多维数组的遍历
int main() {
	// short 的最大值
	short short_val = 32767;
	// 溢出
	short_val += 1;
	cout << short_val << endl;
	return 0;
}

练习4.11

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;


int main() {
	int i ;
	while (cin >>  i && i != 42)
		cout << i << endl;
	return 0;
}

练习 4.12

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;


int main() {
	int a, b, c, d;
	while (cin >> a >> b >> c >> d && a > b && b > c && c > d)
		cout << "true" << endl;
}

++i 与 i++的区别

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

// ++i 和 i++的区别
int main() {
	int i = 0;
	int j = ++i;
	cout << j << endl;  // i = 1,  j = 1

	i = 0;
	int k = i++;
	cout << k << endl; // i = 1,  j = 0

	return 0;
}

132 i++的使用

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

// 连续输出直到遇到一个正数为止
int main() {
	
	vector<int> ivec = { -1, -2, -3, -4, 1 };
	auto pbeg = ivec.begin();
	while (pbeg != ivec.end() && *pbeg <= 0)
		cout << *pbeg++ << endl;
	return 0;
}

134 条件运算符

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;


int main() {
	
	
	// 条件运算符
	int score;
	cin >> score;
	string finalgrade = (score < 60) ? "fail" : "pass";
	cout << finalgrade << endl;
	return 0;
}

4.21 练习

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;


int main() {
	
	vector<int> ivec = { 1, 2 , 3, 4 };

	for (auto pi = ivec.begin(); pi != ivec.end(); ++pi)
		*pi % 2 == 0 ? *pi : *pi *= 2;
	for (auto i : ivec)
		cout << i << " " << endl;
	return 0;
}

练习 4.22 条件运算符

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;


int main() {
	
	int score;
	cin >> score;

	string finalgrade = (score > 90) ? "high pass" : (score > 75) ? "pass" : (score > 60) ? "low pass" : "failure";
	cout << finalgrade << endl;
	return 0;
}

145 强制类型转换 static_cast

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;


int main() {
	
	
	int i = 3;
	int j = 1;
	// 强制类型转换
	double slope = static_cast<double>(i) / j;

	// 指针强制类型转换
	double d = 3.14;
	void* p = &d;
	double* dp = static_cast<double*>(p);

	cout << *dp << endl;
	return 0;
}

145 专门用来处理const类型,const_cast

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

// 强制转换成const类型
int main() {
	
	char cha = 'a';
	const char* pc = &cha;
	// 合法, const被拿掉了, 可以通过p写值
	char* p = const_cast<char*>(pc);
	*p = 'd';
	cout << cha << endl; // d


	const char* cp = &cha;
	// 错误,q是没有const, static_cast不能够处理const
	// char* q = static_cast<char*>(cp);
	
	string s =  static_cast<string>(cp);
	//  const_char不能处理类型
	//const_char<string>(cp);

	return 0;
}

147 练习4.36

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

// 强制转换成const类型
int main() {
	
	int a = 1;
	double d = 2.14;
	
	a *= static_cast<int>(d);
	cout << a << endl;
	return 0;
}