DataTemplate与ControlTemplate的关系与应用

决定控件外观的是ControlTemplate，决定数据外观的是DataTemplate。

把ControlTemplate应用在所有目标上需要借助Style来实现，Style不能标记x:Key，例如：

<Window.Resources>
    <Style TargetType="{x:Type TextBox}">
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type TextBox}">
                    <Border x:Name="Bd" SnapsToDevicePixels="True"
                            Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
                            BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
                            BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"
                            CornerRadius="5">
                        <ScrollViewer SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" />
                    </Border>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
        <Setter Property="Margin" Value="5" />
        <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="Black" />
        <Setter Property="Height" Value="25" />
    </Style>
</Window.Resources>
<Window.Background>
    <LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0,1" StartPoint="1,0">
        <GradientStop Color="#FF00B0FF" Offset="0" />
        <GradientStop Color="White" Offset="1" />
    </LinearGradientBrush>
</Window.Background>
<StackPanel>
    <TextBox />
    <TextBox />
    <TextBox Style="{x:Null}" Margin="5" />
</StackPanel>

效果图

把DataTemplate应用在某个数据类型上的方法是设置DataTemplate的DataType属性，并且DataTemplate作为资源是也不能带有x:Key标记：

<Window.Resources>
    <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type localEntity:Unit}">
        <Grid>
            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                <Grid>
                    <Rectangle Stroke="Yellow" Fill="Orange" Width="{Binding Price}" />
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding Year}" />
                </Grid>
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Price}" Margin="5,0" />
            </StackPanel>
        </Grid>
    </DataTemplate>
    <!--数据源-->
    <c:ArrayList x:Key="ds">
        <localEntity:Unit Year="2001年" Price="100" />
        <localEntity:Unit Year="2002年" Price="120" />
        <localEntity:Unit Year="2003年" Price="140" />
        <localEntity:Unit Year="2004年" Price="160" />
        <localEntity:Unit Year="2005年" Price="180" />
        <localEntity:Unit Year="2006年" Price="200" />
    </c:ArrayList>
</Window.Resources>
<StackPanel>
    <ListBox ItemsSource="{StaticResource ds}" />
    <ComboBox ItemsSource="{StaticResource ds}" />
</StackPanel>

public class Unit
{
    public int Price { get; set; }
    public string Year { get; set; }
}

DataTemplate还可以读取XML文件中的数据，首先准备Data.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<Data xmlns="">
  <Grade Name="一年级">
    <Class Name="甲班">
      <Group Name="A 组" />
      <Group Name="B 组" />
      <Group Name="C 组" />
    </Class>
    <Class Name="乙组">
      <Group Name="A 组" />
      <Group Name="B 组" />
      <Group Name="C 组" />
    </Class>
  </Grade>
  <Grade Name="二年级">
    <Class Name="甲班">
      <Group Name="A 组" />
      <Group Name="B 组" />
      <Group Name="C 组" />
    </Class>
    <Class Name="乙组">
      <Group Name="A 组" />
      <Group Name="B 组" />
      <Group Name="C 组" />
    </Class>
  </Grade>
</Data>

XAML为：

<Window.Resources>
    <!--数据源-->
    <XmlDataProvider x:Key="da" Source="Data.xml" XPath="Data/Grade" />
    <!--年纪模板-->
    <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="Grade" ItemsSource="{Binding XPath=Class}">
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding XPath=@Name}" />
    </HierarchicalDataTemplate>
    <!--班级模板-->
    <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="Class" ItemsSource="{Binding XPath=Group}">
        <RadioButton Content="{Binding XPath=@Name}" GroupName="gn" />
    </HierarchicalDataTemplate>
    <!--小组模块-->
    <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="Group" ItemsSource="{Binding XPath=Student}">
        <CheckBox Content="{Binding XPath=@Name}" />
    </HierarchicalDataTemplate>
</Window.Resources>
<Grid>
    <TreeView Margin="5" ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource da}}"/>
</Grid>

效果图：