1.图例legend基础语法及用法
matplotlib.pyplot.legend(*args, **kwargs)
-loc Location code string, or tuple (see below).图例所有figure位置
-prop the font property字体参数
-fontsize the font size (used only if prop is not specified)
-markerscale the relative size of legend markers vs. original
图例标记与原始标记的相对大小
-markerfirst If True (default), marker is to left of the label.
如果为True,则图例标记位于图例标签的左侧
-numpoints the number of points in the legend for line
为线条图图例条目创建的标记点数
-scatterpoints the number of points in the legend for scatter plot
为散点图图例条目创建的标记点数
-scatteryoffsets a list of yoffsets for scatter symbols in legend
为散点图图例条目创建的标记的垂直偏移量
-frameon If True, draw the legend on a patch (frame).
控制是否应在图例周围绘制框架
-fancybox If True, draw the frame with a round fancybox.
控制是否应在构成图例背景的FancyBboxPatch周围启用圆边
-shadow If True, draw a shadow behind legend.
控制是否在图例后面画一个阴影
-framealpha Transparency of the frame.
控制图例框架的 Alpha 透明度
-edgecolor Frame edgecolor.
-facecolor Frame facecolor.
-ncol number of columns 设置图例分为n列展示
-columnspacing the spacing between columns 列间距
-borderpad the fractional whitespace inside the legend border
图例边框的内边距
-labelspacing the vertical space between the legend entries
图例条目之间的垂直间距
-handlelength the length of the legend handles
图例句柄的长度
-handleheight the height of the legend handles
图例句柄的高度
-handletextpad the pad between the legend handle and text
图例句柄和文本之间的间距
-borderaxespad the pad between the axes and legend border
轴与图例边框之间的距离
-title the legend title
-bbox_to_anchor the bbox that the legend will be anchored.
指定图例在轴的位置
-bbox_transform the transform for the bbox. transAxes if None.
(1)设置图例位置
使用loc参数
plt.legend(loc=‘lower left’)
(2)设置图例字体
#设置字体大小
fontsize : int or float or {‘xx-small’, ‘x-small’, ‘small’, ‘medium’, ‘large’, ‘x-large’, ‘xx-large’}
(3)设置图例边框及背景
plt.legend(loc='best',frameon=False) #去掉图例边框
plt.legend(loc='best',edgecolor='blue') #设置图例边框颜色
plt.legend(loc='best',facecolor='blue') #设置图例背景颜色,若无边框,参数无效
(4)设置图例标题
plt.legend(loc='best',title='figure 1 legend') #去掉图例边框
2.legend面向对象命令
(1)获取并设置legend图例
plt.legend(loc=0, numpoints=1)
leg = plt.gca().get_legend() #或leg=ax.get_legend()
ltext = leg.get_texts()
plt.setp(ltext, fontsize=12,fontweight='bold')
(2)设置图例
legend = ax.legend((rectsTest1, rectsTest2, rectsTest3), ('test1', 'test2', 'test3'))
legend = ax.legend(loc='upper center', shadow=True, fontsize='x-large')
legend.get_frame().set_facecolor('red') #设置图例legend背景为红色
frame = legend.get_frame()
frame.set_alpha(1)
frame.set_facecolor('none') #设置图例legend背景透明
(3)移除图例
ax1.legend_.remove() ##移除子图ax1中的图例
ax2.legend_.remove() ##移除子图ax2中的图例
ax3.legend_.remove() ##移除子图ax3中的图例
3.案例:设置图例legend到图形边界外
bbox_to_anchor
:表示legend的位置,前一个表示左右,后一个表示上下。当使用这个参数时。loc将不再起正常的作用,ncol=3表示图例三列显示。
首先按上面的方式,如果你想将图例放上面就box.height0.8,放右边就box.width0.8其它方式一样。
#主要是bbox_to_anchor的使用
box = ax1.get_position()
# 调整图的位置 并压缩某一条轴
ax1.set_position([box.x0, box.y0, box.width , box.height* 0.8])
ax1.legend(loc='center', bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, 1.2),ncol=3)
4.案例:显示多图例legend
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, 4)
y = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, 4)
p1, = plt.plot([1, 2, 3])
p2, = plt.plot([3, 2, 1])
l1 = plt.legend([p2, p1], ["line 2", "line 1"], loc='upper left')
p3 = plt.scatter(x[0:2], y[0:2], marker='D', color='r')
p4 = plt.scatter(x[2:], y[2:], marker='D', color='g')
# This removes l1 from the axes.
plt.legend([p3, p4], ['label', 'label1'], loc='lower right', scatterpoints=1)
# Add l1 as a separate artist to the axes
plt.gca().add_artist(l1)
plt.show()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
line1, = plt.plot([1,2,3], label="Line 1", linestyle='--')
line2, = plt.plot([3,2,1], label="Line 2", linewidth=4)
# 为第一个线条创建图例
first_legend = plt.legend(handles=[line1], loc=1)
# 手动将图例添加到当前轴域
ax = plt.gca().add_artist(first_legend)
# 为第二个线条创建另一个图例
plt.legend(handles=[line2], loc=4)
plt.show()
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure(1)
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3,5),columns = ['one','two','three','four','five'])
df1.plot(ax = ax1, title = "df1", grid = 'on')
ax1.legend( loc='lower center',
ncol=5,bbox_to_anchor=(0.5,-0.15),
borderaxespad = 0.
,fontsize = 8) ##设置ax1中legend的位置,将其放在图外
plt.savefig('./oo.png',dpi=600)
plt.show()