STM32启动代码分析

                                                                 STM32启动代码分析

复位序列

硬件复位之后，CPU内的时序逻辑电路首先完成如下两个工作（程序代码下载到内部flash）

1.  将0x08000000位置存放的堆栈栈顶地址存放在SP中（MSP）；

2.  将0x08000004位置存放的向量地址装入PC程序计数器。

CPU从PC寄存器指向的物理地址取出第一条指令开始执行程序，也就是开始执行复位中断服务程序Reset_Handler;复位中断服务程序会调用SystemInit()函数（C语言）来配置系统时钟，配置FSMC总线上的外部SRAM，然后跳转到C库中__main函数。由C库中的__main函数完成用户程序的初始化工作（比如：变量赋初值等），最后由__main函数调用用户写的main()函数开始执行C程序。

 

;* Version            : V3.5.0

 

（EQU表示宏定义的伪指令，类似与#define；伪指令的意思是指这个“指令”并不会生成二进制程序代码，也不会引起变量空间分配）

（栈空间用于局部变量、函数调用、函数的参数等）

Stack_Size      EQU    0x00000400      ;定义栈大小，1Kb

（AREA命令指示汇编器汇编一个新的代码段或数据段）

                AREA    STACK,                NOINIT,      READWRITE, ALIGN=3

                          段的名字（任意）、未初始化、  允许读写、     8字节边界对齐

Stack_Mem       SPACE  Stack_Size     ;分配栈空间，并把首地址赋给Stack_Mem

__initial_sp                                             ;初始化堆栈指针，指向栈顶位置                      

 

（开辟堆空间，主要用于动态内存分配，也就是malloc、calloc、realloc等函数分配的变量空间是在堆上）

Heap_Size       EQU    0x00000200      ;定义堆的大小512Byte

 

                AREA    HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3

                             ;堆段、未初始化、允许读写、堆数据段8字节边界对齐

__heap_base                                            ;堆的首地址

Heap_Mem        SPACE  Heap_Size       ;分配堆空间

__heap_limit                                             ;堆的尾地址

 

                PRESERVE8       ;命令指定当前文件保持堆栈的八字节对齐

                THUMB              ;指令集，THUMB必须位于使用新语法的任何Thumb代码之前

 

;EXPORT命令声明一个符号，，EXPORT语句声明为可被外部引用，主要提供链接器链接

;库文件或其他文件

;以下为向量表，在复位时被映射到FLASH的0地址

;Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset

                AREA    RESET, DATA, READONLY     ;复位段，只包含数据，只读

                EXPORT  __Vectors                               ;标号输出，中断向量表开始

                EXPORT  __Vectors_End                      ;中断向量表结束

                EXPORT  __Vectors_Size                     ;中断向量表大小

 

;DCD命令表示分配1个4字节的空间，每行DCD都会生成一个4字节的二进制代码，中

;断向量表存放的实际上是中断服务程序的入口地址。中断向量表一般存放在Falsh的0地址

__Vectors       DCD    __initial_sp               ; Top of Stack

;栈顶指针，被放在向量表的开始，FLASH的0地址，复位后首先装在栈顶指针

                DCD     Reset_Handler              ; Reset Handler

;复位异常，装载栈顶后，第一个执行的，并且不返回

                DCD     NMI_Handler                ; NMI Handler

                DCD     HardFault_Handler          ; Hard Fault Handler

                DCD     MemManage_Handler          ; MPU Fault Handler

                DCD     BusFault_Handler           ; Bus Fault Handler

;总线错误中断，一般发生在数据访问异常，比如fsmc访问不当

                DCD    UsageFault_Handler         ; UsageFault Handler

;用法错误中断，一般是预取值，或者位置指令，数据处理等错误

                DCD     0                          ; Reserved

                DCD     0                          ; Reserved

                DCD     0                          ; Reserved

                DCD     0                          ; Reserved

                DCD     SVC_Handler                ; SVCall Handler

;系统调用异常，主要是为了调用操作系统内核服务（服务请求）

                DCD     DebugMon_Handler           ; Debug Monitor Handler

;调试监视异常

                DCD     0                          ; Reserved

                DCD     PendSV_Handler             ; PendSV Handler

;挂起异常，此处可以看见用作了FreeRTOS的上下文切换异常

                DCD     SysTick_Handler            ; SysTick Handler

;滴答定时器，操作系统内核时钟

 

;以下为外部中断向量表

               ; External Interrupts

                DCD     WWDG_IRQHandler                              ; Window Watchdog

                DCD     PVD_IRQHandler                                   ; PVD through EXTI Line detect

                DCD     TAMPER_IRQHandler                           ; Tamper

                DCD     RTC_IRQHandler                                   ; RTC

                DCD     FLASH_IRQHandler                               ; Flash

                DCD     RCC_IRQHandler                                   ; RCC

                DCD     EXTI0_IRQHandler                                 ; EXTI Line 0

                DCD     EXTI1_IRQHandler                                 ; EXTI Line 1

                DCD     EXTI2_IRQHandler                                 ; EXTI Line 2

                DCD     EXTI3_IRQHandler                                 ; EXTI Line 3

                DCD     EXTI4_IRQHandler                                 ; EXTI Line 4

                DCD     DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler                ; DMA1 Channel 1

                DCD     DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler                ; DMA1 Channel 2

                DCD     DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler                ; DMA1 Channel 3

                DCD     DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler                ; DMA1 Channel 4

                DCD     DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler                ; DMA1 Channel 5

                DCD     DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler                ; DMA1 Channel 6

                DCD     DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler                ; DMA1 Channel 7

                DCD     ADC1_2_IRQHandler                              ; ADC1 & ADC2

                DCD     USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler           ; USB High Priority or CAN1 TX

                DCD     USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler         ; USB Low  Priority or CAN1 RX0

                DCD     CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler                         ; CAN1 RX1

                DCD     CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler                         ; CAN1 SCE

                DCD     EXTI9_5_IRQHandler                              ; EXTI Line 9..5

                DCD     TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler                          ; TIM1 Break

                DCD     TIM1_UP_IRQHandler                            ; TIM1 Update

                DCD     TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler               ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation

                DCD     TIM1_CC_IRQHandler                            ; TIM1 Capture Compare

                DCD     TIM2_IRQHandler                                   ; TIM2

                DCD     TIM3_IRQHandler                                   ; TIM3

                DCD     TIM4_IRQHandler                                   ; TIM4

                DCD     I2C1_EV_IRQHandler                             ; I2C1 Event

                DCD     I2C1_ER_IRQHandler                             ; I2C1 Error

                DCD     I2C2_EV_IRQHandler                             ; I2C2 Event

                DCD     I2C2_ER_IRQHandler                             ; I2C2 Error

                DCD     SPI1_IRQHandler                                    ; SPI1

                DCD     SPI2_IRQHandler                                    ; SPI2

                DCD    USART1_IRQHandler                              ;USART1

                DCD     USART2_IRQHandler                             ; USART2

                DCD     USART3_IRQHandler                             ; USART3

                DCD     EXTI15_10_IRQHandler                         ; EXTI Line 15..10

                DCD     RTCAlarm_IRQHandler                          ; RTC Alarm through EXTI Line

                DCD     USBWakeUp_IRQHandler                     ; USB Wakeup from suspend

                DCD     TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler                         ; TIM8 Break

                DCD     TIM8_UP_IRQHandler                           ; TIM8 Update

                DCD     TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler              ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation

                DCD     TIM8_CC_IRQHandler                           ; TIM8 Capture Compare

                DCD     ADC3_IRQHandler                                 ; ADC3

                DCD     FSMC_IRQHandler                                ; FSMC

                DCD     SDIO_IRQHandler                                 ; SDIO

                DCD     TIM5_IRQHandler                                  ; TIM5

                DCD     SPI3_IRQHandler                                  ; SPI3

                DCD     UART4_IRQHandler                              ; UART4

                DCD     UART5_IRQHandler                              ; UART5

                DCD     TIM6_IRQHandler                                 ; TIM6

                DCD     TIM7_IRQHandler                                 ; TIM7

                DCD     DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler              ; DMA2 Channel1

                DCD    DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler               ; DMA2Channel2

                DCD     DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler              ; DMA2 Channel3

                DCD     DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler          ; DMA2 Channel4& Channel5

__Vectors_End       ;向量表结束标志

 

__Vectors_Size  EQU  __Vectors_End- __Vectors      ;计算向量表地址空间大小

 

;|.text|用于表示由C编译程序产生的代码段，或用于以某种方式与C库关联的代码段

                AREA    |.text|, CODE, READONLY            ;定义C编译器源代码的代码段，只读

 

;IMPORT：伪指令用于通知编译器要使用的标号在其他的源文件中定义。

;[WEAK]表示弱定义，优先执行其他文件的定义。就是说如果外面声明了的话先会调用外面

;的，这就让我们可以在c文件中放置中断服务程序，只要保证C函数名和向量表一致就行

;利用PROC、ENDP这一对伪指令把程序段分为若干个过程，是程序的结构更加清晰         

;Reset handler

Reset_Handler   PROC

                EXPORT  Reset_Handler             [WEAK]

                IMPORT  __main

                IMPORT  SystemInit         

                LDR    R0, =SystemInit     ;装载寄存器指令

                BLX     R0                         ;带链接的跳转，切换指令集

                LDR     R0, =__main

                BX      R0                          ;切换指令集main函数不返回

                ENDP

               

;Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)

 

NMI_Handler     PROC

                EXPORT  NMI_Handler                        [WEAK]

                B       .

                ENDP

HardFault_Handler\

                PROC

                EXPORT  HardFault_Handler              [WEAK]

                B       .

                ENDP

MemManage_Handler\

                PROC

                EXPORT  MemManage_Handler         [WEAK]

                B       .

                ENDP

BusFault_Handler\

                PROC

                EXPORT  BusFault_Handler                [WEAK]

                B       .

                ENDP

UsageFault_Handler\

                PROC

                EXPORT  UsageFault_Handler           [WEAK]

                B       .

                ENDP

SVC_Handler     PROC

                EXPORT SVC_Handler                       [WEAK]

                B       .

                ENDP

DebugMon_Handler\

                PROC

                EXPORT  DebugMon_Handler           [WEAK]

                B       .

                ENDP

PendSV_Handler  PROC

                EXPORT  PendSV_Handler               [WEAK]

                B       .

                ENDP

SysTick_HandlerPROC

                EXPORT  SysTick_Handler               [WEAK]

                B       .

                ENDP

 

Default_HandlerPROC

 

                EXPORT  WWDG_IRQHandler                            [WEAK]

                EXPORT  PVD_IRQHandler                                 [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TAMPER_IRQHandler                         [WEAK]

                EXPORT  RTC_IRQHandler                                 [WEAK]

                EXPORT  FLASH_IRQHandler                            [WEAK]

                EXPORT  RCC_IRQHandler                                [WEAK]

                EXPORT  EXTI0_IRQHandler                              [WEAK]

                EXPORT  EXTI1_IRQHandler                              [WEAK]

                EXPORT  EXTI2_IRQHandler                              [WEAK]

                EXPORT  EXTI3_IRQHandler                              [WEAK]

                EXPORT  EXTI4_IRQHandler                              [WEAK]

                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler             [WEAK]

                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler             [WEAK]

                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler             [WEAK]

                EXPORT DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler              [WEAK]

                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler             [WEAK]

                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler             [WEAK]

                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler             [WEAK]

                EXPORT  ADC1_2_IRQHandler                           [WEAK]

                EXPORT  USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler        [WEAK]

                EXPORT  USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler      [WEAK]

                EXPORT  CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler                      [WEAK]

                EXPORT  CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler                      [WEAK]

                EXPORT  EXTI9_5_IRQHandler                           [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler                       [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TIM1_UP_IRQHandler                         [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler            [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TIM1_CC_IRQHandler                         [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TIM2_IRQHandler                                [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TIM3_IRQHandler                                [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TIM4_IRQHandler                                [WEAK]

                EXPORT I2C1_EV_IRQHandler                           [WEAK]

                EXPORT  I2C1_ER_IRQHandler                          [WEAK]

                EXPORT  I2C2_EV_IRQHandler                          [WEAK]

                EXPORT  I2C2_ER_IRQHandler                          [WEAK]

                EXPORT  SPI1_IRQHandler                                 [WEAK]

                EXPORT  SPI2_IRQHandler                                 [WEAK]

                EXPORT  USART1_IRQHandler                          [WEAK]

                EXPORT  USART2_IRQHandler                          [WEAK]

                EXPORT  USART3_IRQHandler                          [WEAK]

                EXPORT  EXTI15_10_IRQHandler                       [WEAK]

                EXPORT  RTCAlarm_IRQHandler                        [WEAK]

                EXPORT  USBWakeUp_IRQHandler                    [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler                        [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TIM8_UP_IRQHandler                          [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler             [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TIM8_CC_IRQHandler                          [WEAK]

                EXPORT  ADC3_IRQHandler                                [WEAK]

                EXPORT  FSMC_IRQHandler                                [WEAK]

                EXPORT  SDIO_IRQHandler                                 [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TIM5_IRQHandler                                  [WEAK]

                EXPORT  SPI3_IRQHandler                                  [WEAK]

                EXPORT  UART4_IRQHandler                              [WEAK]

                EXPORT  UART5_IRQHandler                              [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TIM6_IRQHandler                                  [WEAK]

                EXPORT  TIM7_IRQHandler                                  [WEAK]

                EXPORT  DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler               [WEAK]

                EXPORT  DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler               [WEAK]

                EXPORT  DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler               [WEAK]

                EXPORT  DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler           [WEAK]

 

;如下只是定义了一个空函数

WWDG_IRQHandler

PVD_IRQHandler

TAMPER_IRQHandler

RTC_IRQHandler

FLASH_IRQHandler

RCC_IRQHandler

EXTI0_IRQHandler

EXTI1_IRQHandler

EXTI2_IRQHandler

EXTI3_IRQHandler

EXTI4_IRQHandler

DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler

DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler

DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler

DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler

DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler

DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler

DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler

ADC1_2_IRQHandler

USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler

USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler

CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler

CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler

EXTI9_5_IRQHandler

TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler

TIM1_UP_IRQHandler

TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler

TIM1_CC_IRQHandler

TIM2_IRQHandler

TIM3_IRQHandler

TIM4_IRQHandler

I2C1_EV_IRQHandler

I2C1_ER_IRQHandler

I2C2_EV_IRQHandler

I2C2_ER_IRQHandler

SPI1_IRQHandler

SPI2_IRQHandler

USART1_IRQHandler

USART2_IRQHandler

USART3_IRQHandler

EXTI15_10_IRQHandler

RTCAlarm_IRQHandler

USBWakeUp_IRQHandler

TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler

TIM8_UP_IRQHandler

TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler

TIM8_CC_IRQHandler

ADC3_IRQHandler

FSMC_IRQHandler

SDIO_IRQHandler

TIM5_IRQHandler

SPI3_IRQHandler

UART4_IRQHandler

UART5_IRQHandler

TIM6_IRQHandler

TIM7_IRQHandler

DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler

DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler

DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler

DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler

                B       .

 

                ENDP

 

                ALIGN   ;默认是字对齐方式，也说明了代码是4字节对齐

 

;*******************************************************************************

; UserStack and Heap initialization

;*******************************************************************************

                 IF      :DEF:__MICROLIB  ;如果勾选了USE MicroLIB

               

                 EXPORT  __initial_sp

                 EXPORT  __heap_base

                 EXPORT  __heap_limit

               

                 ELSE

               

                 IMPORT  __use_two_region_memory

;两区堆栈空间，堆和栈有各自的空间地址

                 EXPORT  __user_initial_stackheap

;此处是初始化两区的堆栈空间，堆是向上生长，栈是向下生长。两个是互相独立的数据段，

;并不能交叉使用

                

__user_initial_stackheap

 

                 LDR     R0, = Heap_Mem

                 LDR     R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)

                 LDR    R2, = (Heap_Mem +  Heap_Size)

                 LDR     R3, = Stack_Mem

                 BX      LR

 

                 ALIGN

 

                 ENDIF

 

                 END        ;命令指示汇编器，已到达一个源文件的末尾

 

;*******************(C) COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE*****

此源码出自于startup_stm32f10x_hd，本博文的注释是参考了安富莱和网上一些文章。有错误的地方还望各网友指教！