STM32启动代码分析
复位序列
硬件复位之后,CPU内的时序逻辑电路首先完成如下两个工作(程序代码下载到内部flash)
1. 将0x08000000位置存放的堆栈栈顶地址存放在SP中(MSP);
2. 将0x08000004位置存放的向量地址装入PC程序计数器。
CPU从PC寄存器指向的物理地址取出第一条指令开始执行程序,也就是开始执行复位中断服务程序Reset_Handler;复位中断服务程序会调用SystemInit()函数(C语言)来配置系统时钟,配置FSMC总线上的外部SRAM,然后跳转到C库中__main函数。由C库中的__main函数完成用户程序的初始化工作(比如:变量赋初值等),最后由__main函数调用用户写的main()函数开始执行C程序。
;* Version : V3.5.0
(EQU表示宏定义的伪指令,类似与#define;伪指令的意思是指这个“指令”并不会生成二进制程序代码,也不会引起变量空间分配)
(栈空间用于局部变量、函数调用、函数的参数等)
Stack_Size EQU 0x00000400 ;定义栈大小,1Kb
(AREA命令指示汇编器汇编一个新的代码段或数据段)
AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
段的名字(任意)、未初始化、 允许读写、 8字节边界对齐
Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size ;分配栈空间,并把首地址赋给Stack_Mem
__initial_sp ;初始化堆栈指针,指向栈顶位置
(开辟堆空间,主要用于动态内存分配,也就是malloc、calloc、realloc等函数分配的变量空间是在堆上)
Heap_Size EQU 0x00000200 ;定义堆的大小512Byte
AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
;堆段、未初始化、允许读写、堆数据段8字节边界对齐
__heap_base ;堆的首地址
Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size ;分配堆空间
__heap_limit ;堆的尾地址
PRESERVE8 ;命令指定当前文件保持堆栈的八字节对齐
THUMB ;指令集,THUMB必须位于使用新语法的任何Thumb代码之前
;EXPORT命令声明一个符号,,EXPORT语句声明为可被外部引用,主要提供链接器链接
;库文件或其他文件
;以下为向量表,在复位时被映射到FLASH的0地址
;Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY ;复位段,只包含数据,只读
EXPORT __Vectors ;标号输出,中断向量表开始
EXPORT __Vectors_End ;中断向量表结束
EXPORT __Vectors_Size ;中断向量表大小
;DCD命令表示分配1个4字节的空间,每行DCD都会生成一个4字节的二进制代码,中
;断向量表存放的实际上是中断服务程序的入口地址。中断向量表一般存放在Falsh的0地址
__Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; Top of Stack
;栈顶指针,被放在向量表的开始,FLASH的0地址,复位后首先装在栈顶指针
DCD Reset_Handler ; Reset Handler
;复位异常,装载栈顶后,第一个执行的,并且不返回
DCD NMI_Handler ; NMI Handler
DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler
DCD MemManage_Handler ; MPU Fault Handler
DCD BusFault_Handler ; Bus Fault Handler
;总线错误中断,一般发生在数据访问异常,比如fsmc访问不当
DCD UsageFault_Handler ; UsageFault Handler
;用法错误中断,一般是预取值,或者位置指令,数据处理等错误
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler
;系统调用异常,主要是为了调用操作系统内核服务(服务请求)
DCD DebugMon_Handler ; Debug Monitor Handler
;调试监视异常
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler
;挂起异常,此处可以看见用作了FreeRTOS的上下文切换异常
DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler
;滴答定时器,操作系统内核时钟
;以下为外部中断向量表
; External Interrupts
DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window Watchdog
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detect
DCD TAMPER_IRQHandler ; Tamper
DCD RTC_IRQHandler ; RTC
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; Flash
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC
DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 0
DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 1
DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 2
DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 3
DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 4
DCD DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 1
DCD DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 2
DCD DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 3
DCD DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 4
DCD DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 5
DCD DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 6
DCD DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 7
DCD ADC1_2_IRQHandler ; ADC1 & ADC2
DCD USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler ; USB High Priority or CAN1 TX
DCD USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; USB Low Priority or CAN1 RX0
DCD CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX1
DCD CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN1 SCE
DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 9..5
DCD TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break
DCD TIM1_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Update
DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3
DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ; TIM4
DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Event
DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error
DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Event
DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Error
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ;USART1
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2
DCD USART3_IRQHandler ; USART3
DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 15..10
DCD RTCAlarm_IRQHandler ; RTC Alarm through EXTI Line
DCD USBWakeUp_IRQHandler ; USB Wakeup from suspend
DCD TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Break
DCD TIM8_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Update
DCD TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Capture Compare
DCD ADC3_IRQHandler ; ADC3
DCD FSMC_IRQHandler ; FSMC
DCD SDIO_IRQHandler ; SDIO
DCD TIM5_IRQHandler ; TIM5
DCD SPI3_IRQHandler ; SPI3
DCD UART4_IRQHandler ; UART4
DCD UART5_IRQHandler ; UART5
DCD TIM6_IRQHandler ; TIM6
DCD TIM7_IRQHandler ; TIM7
DCD DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel1
DCD DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA2Channel2
DCD DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel3
DCD DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel4& Channel5
__Vectors_End ;向量表结束标志
__Vectors_Size EQU __Vectors_End- __Vectors ;计算向量表地址空间大小
;|.text|用于表示由C编译程序产生的代码段,或用于以某种方式与C库关联的代码段
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY ;定义C编译器源代码的代码段,只读
;IMPORT:伪指令用于通知编译器要使用的标号在其他的源文件中定义。
;[WEAK]表示弱定义,优先执行其他文件的定义。就是说如果外面声明了的话先会调用外面
;的,这就让我们可以在c文件中放置中断服务程序,只要保证C函数名和向量表一致就行
;利用PROC、ENDP这一对伪指令把程序段分为若干个过程,是程序的结构更加清晰
;Reset handler
Reset_Handler PROC
EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK]
IMPORT __main
IMPORT SystemInit
LDR R0, =SystemInit ;装载寄存器指令
BLX R0 ;带链接的跳转,切换指令集
LDR R0, =__main
BX R0 ;切换指令集main函数不返回
ENDP
;Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)
NMI_Handler PROC
EXPORT NMI_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
HardFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT HardFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
MemManage_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT MemManage_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
BusFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT BusFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
UsageFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT UsageFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SVC_Handler PROC
EXPORT SVC_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
DebugMon_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT DebugMon_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
PendSV_Handler PROC
EXPORT PendSV_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SysTick_HandlerPROC
EXPORT SysTick_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
Default_HandlerPROC
EXPORT WWDG_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT PVD_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TAMPER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FLASH_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RCC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC1_2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI9_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_UP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI15_10_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTCAlarm_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USBWakeUp_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_UP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FSMC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SDIO_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
;如下只是定义了一个空函数
WWDG_IRQHandler
PVD_IRQHandler
TAMPER_IRQHandler
RTC_IRQHandler
FLASH_IRQHandler
RCC_IRQHandler
EXTI0_IRQHandler
EXTI1_IRQHandler
EXTI2_IRQHandler
EXTI3_IRQHandler
EXTI4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler
ADC1_2_IRQHandler
USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
TIM2_IRQHandler
TIM3_IRQHandler
TIM4_IRQHandler
I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
SPI1_IRQHandler
SPI2_IRQHandler
USART1_IRQHandler
USART2_IRQHandler
USART3_IRQHandler
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
USBWakeUp_IRQHandler
TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler
TIM8_UP_IRQHandler
TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM8_CC_IRQHandler
ADC3_IRQHandler
FSMC_IRQHandler
SDIO_IRQHandler
TIM5_IRQHandler
SPI3_IRQHandler
UART4_IRQHandler
UART5_IRQHandler
TIM6_IRQHandler
TIM7_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler
B .
ENDP
ALIGN ;默认是字对齐方式,也说明了代码是4字节对齐
;*******************************************************************************
; UserStack and Heap initialization
;*******************************************************************************
IF :DEF:__MICROLIB ;如果勾选了USE MicroLIB
EXPORT __initial_sp
EXPORT __heap_base
EXPORT __heap_limit
ELSE
IMPORT __use_two_region_memory
;两区堆栈空间,堆和栈有各自的空间地址
EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap
;此处是初始化两区的堆栈空间,堆是向上生长,栈是向下生长。两个是互相独立的数据段,
;并不能交叉使用
__user_initial_stackheap
LDR R0, = Heap_Mem
LDR R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size)
LDR R3, = Stack_Mem
BX LR
ALIGN
ENDIF
END ;命令指示汇编器,已到达一个源文件的末尾
;*******************(C) COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE*****
此源码出自于startup_stm32f10x_hd,本博文的注释是参考了安富莱和网上一些文章。有错误的地方还望各网友指教!