Android Camera预览过程数据流浅析

硬件平台：Atmel SAMA5D3 SoC + OV2640 Camera Sensor

Android版本：4.2.2

mediaserver进程是Camera Service的容器进程，它会动态加载Camera HAL和Gralloc HAL。

视频数据帧首先必须从Camera驱动程序到达Camera硬件抽象层。

在Camera硬件抽象层，视频数据帧被从video capture buffer拷贝到gralloc buffer。

surfaceflinger进程作为显示服务器会动态加载HWComposer HAL和Gralloc HAL。

在HWComposer硬件抽象层，会把数据帧从gralloc buffer拷贝到video output buffer。

经过上述过程，Camera Sensor采集的图像最终通过LCDC HEO显示在显示屏上。

图中红色实线为视频数据帧流向，不带箭头的红线连接的两端为同一块内存。

涉及三块内存，分别如下：

video capture buffer /dev/video1

gralloc buffer        匿名共享内存 mediaserver进程和surfacelinger进程都可以访问这块内存 

video output buffer /dev/video0

进行了两次数据拷贝操作，如下：

media server进程

Camera HAL    video capture buffer -> gralloc buffer

surfaceflinger进程

HWCompser HAL   gralloc buffer -> video output buffer

video capture buffer的分配与内存映射

https://github.com/Android4SAM/platform_hardware_atmel/blob/android4sam_v4.0/camera/CameraHardwareSam.cpp

https://github.com/Android4SAM/platform_hardware_atmel/blob/android4sam_v4.0/camera/V4L2Camera.cpp

申请video capture buffer

CameraHardwareSam :: startPreviewInternal ->  V4L2Camera :: startPreview ->  isi_v4l2_reqbufs

    ret = ioctl(fp, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req);

内存映射

CameraHardwareSam :: startPreviewInternal

    mPreviewHeap = mGetMemoryCb((int)mV4L2Camera->getCameraFd(),
                                aligned_buffer_size,
                                kBufferCount,
                                0); 

获得gralloc buffer以及视频数据帧从video capture buffer到gralloc buffer的拷贝

https://github.com/Android4SAM/platform_hardware_atmel/blob/android4sam_v4.0/camera/CameraHardwareSam.cpp

CameraHardwareSam :: previewThread

    if (mPreviewWindow && mGrallocHal) {
        buffer_handle_t *buf_handle;
        int stride;
        if (0 != mPreviewWindow->dequeue_buffer(mPreviewWindow, &buf_handle, &stride)) {
            ALOGE("Could not dequeue gralloc buffer!\n");
            goto callbacks;
        }

        void *vaddr;
        if (!mGrallocHal->lock(mGrallocHal,
                               *buf_handle,
                               GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN,
                               0, 0, width, height, &vaddr)) {
            char *frame = ((char *)mPreviewHeap->data) + offset;

            // the code below assumes YUV, not RGB
            {
                int h;
                char *src = frame;
                char *ptr = (char *)vaddr;
                memcpy(ptr, src, frame_size);
                //YUY2toYV12(frame, vaddr, width, height);
            }
            mGrallocHal->unlock(mGrallocHal, *buf_handle);
        }
        else
            ALOGE("%s: could not obtain gralloc buffer", __func__);

        if (0 != mPreviewWindow->enqueue_buffer(mPreviewWindow, buf_handle)) {
            ALOGE("Could not enqueue gralloc buffer!\n");
            goto callbacks;
        }
    }

video output buffer的分配与内存映射

https://github.com/Android4SAM/platform_hardware_atmel/blob/android4sam_v4.0/hwcomposer/hwcomposer.cpp

https://github.com/Android4SAM/platform_hardware_atmel/blob/android4sam_v4.0/hwcomposer/v4l2_utils.cpp

申请video ouput buffer

hwc_prepare ->  assign_heo_overlay_window -> v4l2_overlay_req_buf

    ret = ioctl(win->fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &reqbuf);

内存映射

hwc_prepare ->  assign_heo_overlay_window ->  v4l2_overlay_map_buf

    *len = buf.length;
    *start = mmap(NULL, buf.length, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,
            fd, buf.m.offset);

视频数据帧从gralloc buffer到video output buffer的拷贝

hwc_set ->   copy_heo_src_content

    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < cur_layer->visibleRegionScreen.numRects; i++) {
        uint8_t *cur_dst_addr = dst_addr;
        uint8_t *cur_src_addr = src_addr;

        for (int j = 0; j < h ; j++) {
            memcpy(cur_dst_addr, cur_src_addr, cpy_size);
            cur_dst_addr = &cur_dst_addr[cpy_size];
            cur_src_addr = &cur_src_addr[(cur_layer->displayFrame.right - cur_layer->displayFrame.left) * (prev_handle->uiBpp / 8)];
        }
        cur_rect++;
    }