GCC常用命令
常用选项 | 含义 |
---|---|
-E | 只做预处理 |
-c | 只编译不链接,生成 “.o” 文件 |
-S | 生成汇编代码 |
-o file | 把输出生成到file文件中 |
-g | 加入调试信息 |
-v | 显示详细的命令执行过程信息 |
GCC主要执行步骤
预处理 Preprocessor
处理源文件中以 “#” 开头的预处理指令,如 #include, #define等
- 工具: cc1
- 命令: gcc -E foo.c -o foo.i
编译 Compiler
针对预处理的结果进行一系列的词法分析、语法分析、语义分析,优化后生成汇编指令,存放在.o为后缀的目标文件中
- 工具: cc1
- 命令:gcc -S foo.i -o foo,s
汇编 Assembler
汇编器将汇编语言代码转换为CPU可以执行的指令
- 工具: as
- 命令: gcc -c foo.s -o foo.o
链接 linker
链接器将汇编器称称的目标文件和一些标准库,比如Libc,libm文件组合,行程最终可执行的应用程序
- 工具: ld
- 命令: gcc foo.o -o a.out
Example
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
printf("Hello World!\n");
return 0;
}
运行命令 gcc foo.c -o foo -v > foo_build_log 2>&1
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/lto-wrapper
OFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none
OFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-7/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,brig,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-7 --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --enable-bootstrap --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-libmpx --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie --with-system-zlib --with-target-system-zlib --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none --without-cuda-driver --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 7.5.0 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-o' 'foo' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/cc1 -quiet -v -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu foo.c -quiet -dumpbase foo.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase foo -version -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Wformat-security -o /tmp/ccRZMZFr.s
GNU C11 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) version 7.5.0 (x86_64-linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 7.5.0, GMP version 6.1.2, MPFR version 4.0.1, MPC version 1.1.0, isl version isl-0.19-GMP
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/x86_64-linux-gnu"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include
/usr/local/include
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include-fixed
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C11 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) version 7.5.0 (x86_64-linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 7.5.0, GMP version 6.1.2, MPFR version 4.0.1, MPC version 1.1.0, isl version isl-0.19-GMP
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: b62ed4a2880cd4159476ea8293b72fa8
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-o' 'foo' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
as -v --64 -o /tmp/ccYrdQj8.o /tmp/ccRZMZFr.s
GNU assembler version 2.30 (x86_64-linux-gnu) using BFD version (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.30
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../lib/:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-o' 'foo' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/collect2 -plugin /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/ccB8SOZO.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -pie -z now -z relro -o foo /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/Scrt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/crtbeginS.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../lib -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../.. /tmp/ccYrdQj8.o -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state -lc -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/crtendS.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-o' 'foo' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'```
本文学习自哔站视频: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Q5411w7z5?p=5