导致内存碎片的原因 Memory Fragmentation

• load过多的DLL，DLL的内存空间与堆空间会相互影响
• 使用HeapAlloc申请内存，导致存在大量小块内存，且这些小块内存leaked，导致没有一个大块连续的内存空间可供分配；或者不同生命周期，不同大小的内存同时申请，申请时是同时的，但是释放却不同时，会导致内存空间不连续
• 在Vista[The information in this topic applies to Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP. Starting with Windows Vista, the system uses the low-fragmentation heap (LFH) as needed to service memory allocation requests. Applications do not need to enable the LFH for their heaps.]
• LFH只有在size大于16KB时才使用，且会申请所得一个满足申请大小的且满足8Bytes倍数的最小的一块内存。
• VirtualAlloc申请内存的单位是4KB，而HeapAlloc可以申请小于4KB的内存，HeapAlloc底层调用VirtualAlloc，在其之上又做了一个管理的封装
• The LFH is not a separate heap. Instead, it is a policy that applications can enable for their heaps. When the LFH is enabled, the system allocates memory in certain predetermined sizes. When an application requests a memory allocation from a heap that has the LFH enabled, the system allocates the smallest block of memory that is large enough to contain the requested size.
• The system does not use the LFH for allocations larger than 16 KB, whether or not the LFH is enabled.
• To enable the LFH for a heap, use the GetProcessHeap function to obtain a handle to the default heap of the calling process, or use the handle to a private heap created by the HeapCreate function. Then call the HeapSetInformation function with the handle.