ArcEngine提取面要素公共边的实现方法

1、前言

很久没写ArcEngine的内容了，正好这次有同志提了一个问题：如何用ArcEngine实现批量提取面要素之间的公共边？捣鼓了半天总算是解决了，下面就来说一说解决思路。

2、ArcMap的实现方法

首先准备一份测试数据，如下图所示：

提取公共边用ArcMap做非常简单，只需要打开Analysis Tools下的Intersect相交工具，将Output Type设置为LINE，运行工具，马上就能得到面要素的公共边。如下图所示：

结果如下图所示：

3、方法一：调用GP提取公共边

既然已经知道了在ArcMap中如何使用Intersect工具来提取公共边，那么我们就可以在ArcEngine中调用GP工具来实现。不过需要注意：ArcEngine代码初始化时需要设置License的权限，代码如下：

using ESRI.ArcGIS.Geoprocessor;
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // 设置参数
            ESRI.ArcGIS.AnalysisTools.Intersect tool = new ESRI.ArcGIS.AnalysisTools.Intersect();
            tool.in_features = @"C:\Users\Virtual\Desktop\data\面.shp";
            tool.output_type = "LINE";
            tool.out_feature_class = @"C:\Users\Virtual\Desktop\data\线.shp";

            // 执行GP
            Geoprocessor gp = new Geoprocessor();
            gp.OverwriteOutput = true;
            gp.Execute(tool, null);
        }
    }
}

运行结果如下图所示：

4、方法二：根据空间关系及拓扑工具提取公共边

获取两个面之间的公共边分以下两步：

1. 利用IRelationalOperator判断两个Polygon是否为Touches关系？
2. 如果是Touches关系，利用ITopologicalOperator的Intersect方法提取相交部分即可

代码如下：

using ESRI.ArcGIS.DataSourcesFile;
using ESRI.ArcGIS.Geodatabase;
using ESRI.ArcGIS.Geometry;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace App
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            IFeatureClass pFeatureClass = GetFeatureClass(@"C:\Users\Virtual\Desktop\data\面.shp");
            List<IPolygon> polygons = GetPolygonList(pFeatureClass);
            List<IPolyline> polylines = GetPolylineList(polygons);
            CreateFeatureClass(polylines, @"C:\Users\Virtual\Desktop\data\线.shp");
        }

        // 获取要素类
        private IFeatureClass GetFeatureClass(string filePath)
        {
            IWorkspaceFactory pWorkspaceFactory = new ShapefileWorkspaceFactory();
            IWorkspaceFactoryLockControl pWorkspaceFactoryLockControl = pWorkspaceFactory as IWorkspaceFactoryLockControl;
            if (pWorkspaceFactoryLockControl.SchemaLockingEnabled)
            {
                pWorkspaceFactoryLockControl.DisableSchemaLocking();
            }
            IWorkspace pWorkspace = pWorkspaceFactory.OpenFromFile(System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(filePath), 0);
            IFeatureWorkspace pFeatureWorkspace = pWorkspace as IFeatureWorkspace;
            IFeatureClass pFeatureClass = pFeatureWorkspace.OpenFeatureClass(System.IO.Path.GetFileName(filePath));
            return pFeatureClass;
        }

        // 获取Polygon集合
        private List<IPolygon> GetPolygonList(IFeatureClass pFeatureClass)
        {
            IFeatureCursor pFeatureCursor = pFeatureClass.Search(null, true);
            IFeature pFeature = pFeatureCursor.NextFeature();
            if (pFeature == null)
            {
                return null;
            }

            // 遍历游标
            List<IPolygon> list = new List<IPolygon>();
            while (pFeature != null)
            {
                list.Add(pFeature.ShapeCopy as IPolygon);
                pFeature = pFeatureCursor.NextFeature();
            }

            // 返回
            System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(pFeatureCursor);
            return list;
        }

        // 获取Polyline集合
        private List<IPolyline> GetPolylineList(List<IPolygon> polygons)
        {
            List<IPolyline> list = new List<IPolyline>();
            for (int i = 0; i < polygons.Count; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < polygons.Count; j++)
                {
                    if (i == j)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    IRelationalOperator pRelationalOperator = polygons[i] as IRelationalOperator;
                    if (pRelationalOperator.Touches(polygons[j]))
                    {
                        ITopologicalOperator pTopologicalOperator = polygons[i] as ITopologicalOperator;
                        IGeometry pIntersectGeometry = pTopologicalOperator.Intersect(polygons[j], esriGeometryDimension.esriGeometry1Dimension);
                        list.Add(pIntersectGeometry as IPolyline);
                    }
                }
            }
            return list;
        }

        // 创建要素类
        private IFeatureClass CreateFeatureClass(List<IPolyline> polylines, string filePath)
        {
            // 设置空间参考
            IGeometryDef pGeometryDef = new GeometryDef();
            IGeometryDefEdit pGeometryDefEdit = pGeometryDef as IGeometryDefEdit;
            pGeometryDefEdit.GeometryType_2 = esriGeometryType.esriGeometryPolyline;
            pGeometryDefEdit.HasM_2 = false;
            pGeometryDefEdit.HasZ_2 = false;
            pGeometryDefEdit.SpatialReference_2 = axMapControl1.SpatialReference;

            // 字段集合
            IFields pFields = new Fields();
            IFieldsEdit pFieldsEdit = pFields as IFieldsEdit;

            // Shape
            IField pField = new Field();
            IFieldEdit pFieldEdit = pField as IFieldEdit;
            pFieldEdit.Type_2 = esriFieldType.esriFieldTypeGeometry;
            pFieldEdit.GeometryDef_2 = pGeometryDef;
            pFieldEdit.AliasName_2 = "Shape";
            pFieldEdit.Name_2 = "Shape";
            pFieldEdit.IsNullable_2 = false;
            pFieldEdit.Required_2 = true;
            pFieldsEdit.AddField(pField);

            // 创建要素类
            IWorkspaceFactory pWorkspaceFactory = new ShapefileWorkspaceFactory();
            IWorkspace pWorkspace = pWorkspaceFactory.OpenFromFile(System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(filePath), 0);
            IFeatureWorkspace pFeatureWorkspace = pWorkspace as IFeatureWorkspace;
            IFeatureClass pFeatureClass = pFeatureWorkspace.CreateFeatureClass(System.IO.Path.GetFileName(filePath), pFields, null, null, esriFeatureType.esriFTSimple, "Shape", "");

            // 要素游标
            IFeatureBuffer pFeatureBuffer = pFeatureClass.CreateFeatureBuffer();
            IFeatureCursor pFeatureCursor = pFeatureClass.Insert(true);
            for (int i = 0; i < polylines.Count; i++)
            {
                pFeatureBuffer.Shape = polylines[i];
                pFeatureCursor.InsertFeature(pFeatureBuffer);
            }
            pFeatureCursor.Flush();

            // 返回
            System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(pFeatureBuffer);
            System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(pFeatureCursor);
            return pFeatureClass;
        }
    }
}

运行结果如下图所示：

5、结语

本文主要介绍了ArcEngine中提取公共边的实现方法。其实对于第二种方法，即：利用空间关系和拓扑工具提取公共边，我个人是不太满意的，因为这是纯粹的暴力解法，数据量一旦较多，效率肯定是个大问题。可惜不知道ESRI是怎么实现的，有了解的同志也可以讲讲这个问题最优的解决方法是什么。