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导入numpy数据包
# 引入Numpy库
import numpy as np
1.数组维度数查询
ndarray.ndmin查询数组的维度
import numpy as np
# 数组维度
## 维度为1
arr1 = np.array([1,2,3])
arr1.ndim # 1
## 维度为2
arr2 = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
arr2.ndim # 2
## 维度为3
arr3 = np.array([
[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]],
[[7,8,9],[10,11,12]]
])
arr3.ndim # 3
2.数组形状查询
ndarray.shape查询数组的形状(几行几列),返回值是一个元组,里面有几个元素代表是几维数组
import numpy as np
arr1 = np.array([1,2,3])
arr1.shape # (3,)
arr2 = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
arr2.shape # (2,3)
arr3 = np.array([
[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]],
[[7,8,9],[10,11,12]]
])
arr3.shape # (2,2,3)
ndarray.shape也可以改变数组形状
import numpy as np
arr4 = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
arr4.shape = (3,2)
arr4
arr4(处理后)
3.修改数组形状
.reshape函数可以改变原数组的形状,创建一个新数组,改变新数组的元素,原数组对应元素的值也会发生改变
# NumPy提供了.reshape函数来调整数组大小形状
import numpy as np
data = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]) # array([[1, 2, 3],
# [4, 5, 6]])
data.shape # (2,3)
arr = data.reshape(6,) # array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
arr.shape # (6,)
arr[0] = 437
arr # array([437, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
data # array([[437, 2, 3],
# [ 4, 5, 6]])
.flatten函数可实现扁平化(多维数组转化为一维数组)
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([
[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]],
[[7,8,9],[10,11,12]]
])
arr.ndim # 3
deal_arr = arr.flatten() # array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12])
deal_arr.ndim # 1
4.数组元素个数与所占内存查询
ndarray.size查询数组元素个数
ndarray.itemsize查询数组中每个元素所占内存的大小(以字节为单位)
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([
[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]],
[[7,8,9],[10,11,12]]
])
# 数组的元素个数
arr.size # 12
# 各元素所占内存
arr.itemsize # 4
# 各元素的数据类型
arr.dtype # dtype('int32')
# 数组所占内存
arr.itemsize * arr.size # 48
# 数组的dtype为int8(一个字节)
data1 = np.array([1,2,3,4,5], dtype = np.int8)
data1.itemsize # 1
# 数组的dtype现在为float64(八个字节)
data2 = np.array([1,2,3,4,5], dtype = np.float64)
data2.itemsize # 8
5.元素数据类型查询
ndarray.dtype用于返回ndarray对象的元素类型
import numpy as np
arr1 = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
arr1.dtype # dtype('int32')
arr2 = np.array([1.2, 2.3, 3.4])
arr2.dtype # dtype('float64')