十分钟搞定pandas

原文出处： pandas.pydata.org   译文出处： 石卓林   

这是关于pandas的简短介绍，主要面向新用户。可以参阅Cookbook了解更复杂的使用方法。

习惯上,我们做以下导入

Python

In [1]: import pandas as pd In [2]: import numpy as np In [3]: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

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In [ 1 ] : import pandas as pd In [ 2 ] : import numpy as np In [ 3 ] : import matplotlib . pyplot as plt

创建对象

使用传递的值列表序列创建序列, 让pandas创建默认整数索引

Python

In [4]: s = pd.Series([1,3,5,np.nan,6,8]) In [5]: s Out[5]: 0 1 1 3 2 5 3 NaN 4 6 5 8 dtype: float64

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In [ 4 ] : s = pd . Series ( [ 1 , 3 , 5 , np . nan , 6 , 8 ] ) In [ 5 ] : s Out [ 5 ] : 0      1 1      3 2      5 3    NaN 4      6 5      8 dtype : float64

使用传递的numpy数组创建数据帧,并使用日期索引和标记列.

Python

In [6]: dates = pd.date_range('20130101',periods=6) In [7]: dates Out[7]: <class 'pandas.tseries.index.DatetimeIndex'> [2013-01-01, ..., 2013-01-06] Length: 6, Freq: D, Timezone: None In [8]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(6,4),index=dates,columns=list('ABCD')) In [9]: df Out[9]: A B C D 2013-01-01 0.469112 -0.282863 -1.509059 -1.135632 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 0.119209 -1.044236 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -2.104569 -0.494929 1.071804 2013-01-04 0.721555 -0.706771 -1.039575 0.271860 2013-01-05 -0.424972 0.567020 0.276232 -1.087401 2013-01-06 -0.673690 0.113648 -1.478427 0.524988

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In [ 6 ] : dates = pd . date_range ( '20130101' , periods = 6 ) In [ 7 ] : dates Out [ 7 ] : < class 'pandas.tseries.index.DatetimeIndex' > [ 2013 - 01 - 01 , . . . , 2013 - 01 - 06 ] Length : 6 , Freq : D , Timezone : None   In [ 8 ] : df = pd . DataFrame ( np . random . randn ( 6 , 4 ) , index = dates , columns = list ( 'ABCD' ) ) In [ 9 ] : df Out [ 9 ] :                    A          B          C          D 2013 - 01 - 01    0.469112 - 0.282863 - 1.509059 - 1.135632 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215    0.119209 - 1.044236 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 2.104569 - 0.494929    1.071804 2013 - 01 - 04    0.721555 - 0.706771 - 1.039575    0.271860 2013 - 01 - 05 - 0.424972    0.567020    0.276232 - 1.087401 2013 - 01 - 06 - 0.673690    0.113648 - 1.478427    0.524988

使用传递的可转换序列的字典对象创建数据帧.

Python

In [10]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({ 'A' : 1., ....: 'B' : pd.Timestamp('20130102'), ....: 'C' : pd.Series(1,index=list(range(4)),dtype='float32'), ....: 'D' : np.array([3] * 4,dtype='int32'), ....: 'E' : pd.Categorical(["test","train","test","train"]), ....: 'F' : 'foo' }) ....: In [11]: df2 Out[11]: A B C D E F 0 1 2013-01-02 1 3 test foo 1 1 2013-01-02 1 3 train foo 2 1 2013-01-02 1 3 test foo 3 1 2013-01-02 1 3 train foo

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In [ 10 ] : df2 = pd . DataFrame ( { 'A' : 1. ,    . . . . :                        'B' : pd . Timestamp ( '20130102' ) ,    . . . . :                        'C' : pd . Series ( 1 , index = list ( range ( 4 ) ) , dtype = 'float32' ) ,    . . . . :                        'D' : np . array ( [ 3 ] * 4 , dtype = 'int32' ) ,    . . . . :                        'E' : pd . Categorical ( [ "test" , "train" , "test" , "train" ] ) ,    . . . . :                        'F' : 'foo' } )    . . . . : In [ 11 ] : df2 Out [ 11 ] :    A            B    C    D        E      F 0    1 2013 - 01 - 02    1    3    test    foo 1    1 2013 - 01 - 02    1    3    train   foo 2    1 2013 - 01 - 02    1    3    test    foo 3    1 2013 - 01 - 02    1    3    train   foo

所有明确类型

Python

In [12]: df2.dtypes Out[12]: A float64 B datetime64[ns] C float32 D int32 E category F object dtype: object

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In [ 12 ] : df2 . dtypes Out [ 12 ] : A            float64 B      datetime64 [ ns ] C            float32 D              int32 E            category F              object dtype : object

如果你这个正在使用IPython，标签补全列名（以及公共属性）将自动启用。这里是将要完成的属性的子集：

Python

In [13]: df2.<TAB> df2.A df2.boxplot df2.abs df2.C df2.add df2.clip df2.add_prefix df2.clip_lower df2.add_suffix df2.clip_upper df2.align df2.columns df2.all df2.combine df2.any df2.combineAdd df2.append df2.combine_first df2.apply df2.combineMult df2.applymap df2.compound df2.as_blocks df2.consolidate df2.asfreq df2.convert_objects df2.as_matrix df2.copy df2.astype df2.corr df2.at df2.corrwith df2.at_time df2.count df2.axes df2.cov df2.B df2.cummax df2.between_time df2.cummin df2.bfill df2.cumprod df2.blocks df2.cumsum df2.bool df2.D

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In [ 13 ] : df2 . < TAB > df2 . A                    df2 . boxplot df2 . abs                  df2 . C df2 . add                 df2 . clip df2 . add_prefix         df2 . clip_lower df2 . add_suffix         df2 . clip_upper df2 . align               df2 . columns df2 . all                  df2 . combine df2 . any                  df2 . combineAdd df2 . append             df2 . combine_first df2 . apply                df2 . combineMult df2 . applymap           df2 . compound df2 . as_blocks           df2 . consolidate df2 . asfreq             df2 . convert_objects df2 . as_matrix           df2 . copy df2 . astype             df2 . corr df2 . at                 df2 . corrwith df2 . at_time             df2 . count df2 . axes               df2 . cov df2 . B                    df2 . cummax df2 . between_time       df2 . cummin df2 . bfill               df2 . cumprod df2 . blocks             df2 . cumsum df2 . bool                df2 . D

如你所见, 列 A, B, C, 和 D 也是自动完成标签. E 也是可用的; 为了简便起见,后面的属性显示被截断.

查看数据

参阅基础部分

查看帧顶部和底部行

Python

In [14]: df.head() Out[14]: A B C D 2013-01-01 0.469112 -0.282863 -1.509059 -1.135632 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 0.119209 -1.044236 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -2.104569 -0.494929 1.071804 2013-01-04 0.721555 -0.706771 -1.039575 0.271860 2013-01-05 -0.424972 0.567020 0.276232 -1.087401 In [15]: df.tail(3) Out[15]: A B C D 2013-01-04 0.721555 -0.706771 -1.039575 0.271860 2013-01-05 -0.424972 0.567020 0.276232 -1.087401 2013-01-06 -0.673690 0.113648 -1.478427 0.524988

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In [ 14 ] : df . head ( ) Out [ 14 ] :                    A          B          C          D 2013 - 01 - 01    0.469112 - 0.282863 - 1.509059 - 1.135632 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215    0.119209 - 1.044236 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 2.104569 - 0.494929    1.071804 2013 - 01 - 04    0.721555 - 0.706771 - 1.039575    0.271860 2013 - 01 - 05 - 0.424972    0.567020    0.276232 - 1.087401   In [ 15 ] : df . tail ( 3 ) Out [ 15 ] :                    A          B          C          D 2013 - 01 - 04    0.721555 - 0.706771 - 1.039575    0.271860 2013 - 01 - 05 - 0.424972    0.567020    0.276232 - 1.087401 2013 - 01 - 06 - 0.673690    0.113648 - 1.478427    0.524988

显示索引,列,和底层numpy数据

Python

In [16]: df.index Out[16]: <class 'pandas.tseries.index.DatetimeIndex'> [2013-01-01, ..., 2013-01-06] Length: 6, Freq: D, Timezone: None In [17]: df.columns Out[17]: Index([u'A', u'B', u'C', u'D'], dtype='object') In [18]: df.values Out[18]: array([[ 0.4691, -0.2829, -1.5091, -1.1356], [ 1.2121, -0.1732, 0.1192, -1.0442], [-0.8618, -2.1046, -0.4949, 1.0718], [ 0.7216, -0.7068, -1.0396, 0.2719], [-0.425 , 0.567 , 0.2762, -1.0874], [-0.6737, 0.1136, -1.4784, 0.525 ]])

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In [ 16 ] : df . index Out [ 16 ] : < class 'pandas.tseries.index.DatetimeIndex' > [ 2013 - 01 - 01 , . . . , 2013 - 01 - 06 ] Length : 6 , Freq : D , Timezone : None   In [ 17 ] : df . columns Out [ 17 ] : Index ( [ u 'A' , u 'B' , u 'C' , u 'D' ] , dtype = 'object' )   In [ 18 ] : df . values Out [ 18 ] : array ( [ [ 0.4691 , - 0.2829 , - 1.5091 , - 1.1356 ] ,        [ 1.2121 , - 0.1732 ,    0.1192 , - 1.0442 ] ,        [ - 0.8618 , - 2.1046 , - 0.4949 ,    1.0718 ] ,        [ 0.7216 , - 0.7068 , - 1.0396 ,    0.2719 ] ,        [ - 0.425 ,    0.567 ,    0.2762 , - 1.0874 ] ,        [ - 0.6737 ,    0.1136 , - 1.4784 ,    0.525 ] ] )

描述显示数据快速统计摘要

Python

In [19]: df.describe() Out[19]: A B C D count 6.000000 6.000000 6.000000 6.000000 mean 0.073711 -0.431125 -0.687758 -0.233103 std 0.843157 0.922818 0.779887 0.973118 min -0.861849 -2.104569 -1.509059 -1.135632 25% -0.611510 -0.600794 -1.368714 -1.076610 50% 0.022070 -0.228039 -0.767252 -0.386188 75% 0.658444 0.041933 -0.034326 0.461706 max 1.212112 0.567020 0.276232 1.071804

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In [ 19 ] : df . describe ( ) Out [ 19 ] :                A          B          C          D count    6.000000    6.000000    6.000000    6.000000 mean    0.073711 - 0.431125 - 0.687758 - 0.233103 std      0.843157    0.922818    0.779887    0.973118 min    - 0.861849 - 2.104569 - 1.509059 - 1.135632 25 %    - 0.611510 - 0.600794 - 1.368714 - 1.076610 50 %      0.022070 - 0.228039 - 0.767252 - 0.386188 75 %      0.658444    0.041933 - 0.034326    0.461706 max      1.212112    0.567020    0.276232    1.071804

转置数据

Python

In [20]: df.T Out[20]: 2013-01-01 2013-01-02 2013-01-03 2013-01-04 2013-01-05 2013-01-06 A 0.469112 1.212112 -0.861849 0.721555 -0.424972 -0.673690 B -0.282863 -0.173215 -2.104569 -0.706771 0.567020 0.113648 C -1.509059 0.119209 -0.494929 -1.039575 0.276232 -1.478427 D -1.135632 -1.044236 1.071804 0.271860 -1.087401 0.524988

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In [ 20 ] : df . T Out [ 20 ] :    2013 - 01 - 01    2013 - 01 - 02    2013 - 01 - 03    2013 - 01 - 04    2013 - 01 - 05    2013 - 01 - 06 A      0.469112      1.212112    - 0.861849      0.721555    - 0.424972    - 0.673690 B    - 0.282863    - 0.173215    - 2.104569    - 0.706771      0.567020      0.113648 C    - 1.509059      0.119209    - 0.494929    - 1.039575      0.276232    - 1.478427 D    - 1.135632    - 1.044236      1.071804      0.271860    - 1.087401      0.524988

按轴排序

Python

In [21]: df.sort_index(axis=1, ascending=False) Out[21]: D C B A 2013-01-01 -1.135632 -1.509059 -0.282863 0.469112 2013-01-02 -1.044236 0.119209 -0.173215 1.212112 2013-01-03 1.071804 -0.494929 -2.104569 -0.861849 2013-01-04 0.271860 -1.039575 -0.706771 0.721555 2013-01-05 -1.087401 0.276232 0.567020 -0.424972 2013-01-06 0.524988 -1.478427 0.113648 -0.673690

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In [ 21 ] : df . sort_index ( axis = 1 , ascending = False ) Out [ 21 ] :                    D          C          B          A 2013 - 01 - 01 - 1.135632 - 1.509059 - 0.282863    0.469112 2013 - 01 - 02 - 1.044236    0.119209 - 0.173215    1.212112 2013 - 01 - 03    1.071804 - 0.494929 - 2.104569 - 0.861849 2013 - 01 - 04    0.271860 - 1.039575 - 0.706771    0.721555 2013 - 01 - 05 - 1.087401    0.276232    0.567020 - 0.424972 2013 - 01 - 06    0.524988 - 1.478427    0.113648 - 0.673690

按值排序

Python

In [22]: df.sort(columns='B') Out[22]: A B C D 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -2.104569 -0.494929 1.071804 2013-01-04 0.721555 -0.706771 -1.039575 0.271860 2013-01-01 0.469112 -0.282863 -1.509059 -1.135632 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 0.119209 -1.044236 2013-01-06 -0.673690 0.113648 -1.478427 0.524988 2013-01-05 -0.424972 0.567020 0.276232 -1.087401

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In [ 22 ] : df . sort ( columns = 'B' ) Out [ 22 ] :                    A          B          C          D 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 2.104569 - 0.494929    1.071804 2013 - 01 - 04    0.721555 - 0.706771 - 1.039575    0.271860 2013 - 01 - 01    0.469112 - 0.282863 - 1.509059 - 1.135632 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215    0.119209 - 1.044236 2013 - 01 - 06 - 0.673690    0.113648 - 1.478427    0.524988 2013 - 01 - 05 - 0.424972    0.567020    0.276232 - 1.087401

选择器

注释: 标准Python / Numpy表达式可以完成这些互动工作, 但在生产代码中, 我们推荐使用优化的pandas数据访问方法, .at, .iat, .loc, .iloc 和 .ix.

参阅索引文档 索引和选择数据 and 多索引/高级索引

读取

选择单列, 这会产生一个序列, 等价df.A

Python

In [23]: df['A'] Out[23]: 2013-01-01 0.469112 2013-01-02 1.212112 2013-01-03 -0.861849 2013-01-04 0.721555 2013-01-05 -0.424972 2013-01-06 -0.673690 Freq: D, Name: A, dtype: float64

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In [ 23 ] : df [ 'A' ] Out [ 23 ] : 2013 - 01 - 01      0.469112 2013 - 01 - 02      1.212112 2013 - 01 - 03    - 0.861849 2013 - 01 - 04      0.721555 2013 - 01 - 05    - 0.424972 2013 - 01 - 06    - 0.673690 Freq : D , Name : A , dtype : float64

使用[]选择行片断

Python

In [24]: df[0:3] Out[24]: A B C D 2013-01-01 0.469112 -0.282863 -1.509059 -1.135632 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 0.119209 -1.044236 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -2.104569 -0.494929 1.071804 In [25]: df['20130102':'20130104'] Out[25]: A B C D 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 0.119209 -1.044236 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -2.104569 -0.494929 1.071804 2013-01-04 0.721555 -0.706771 -1.039575 0.271860

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In [ 24 ] : df [ 0 : 3 ] Out [ 24 ] :                    A          B          C          D 2013 - 01 - 01    0.469112 - 0.282863 - 1.509059 - 1.135632 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215    0.119209 - 1.044236 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 2.104569 - 0.494929    1.071804   In [ 25 ] : df [ '20130102' : '20130104' ] Out [ 25 ] :                    A          B          C          D 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215    0.119209 - 1.044236 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 2.104569 - 0.494929    1.071804 2013 - 01 - 04    0.721555 - 0.706771 - 1.039575    0.271860

使用标签选择

更多信息请参阅按标签选择

使用标签获取横截面

Python

In [26]: df.loc[dates[0]] Out[26]: A 0.469112 B -0.282863 C -1.509059 D -1.135632 Name: 2013-01-01 00:00:00, dtype: float64

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In [ 26 ] : df . loc [ dates [ 0 ] ] Out [ 26 ] : A      0.469112 B    - 0.282863 C    - 1.509059 D    - 1.135632 Name : 2013 - 01 - 01 00 : 00 : 00 , dtype : float64

使用标签选择多轴

Python

In [27]: df.loc[:,['A','B']] Out[27]: A B 2013-01-01 0.469112 -0.282863 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -2.104569 2013-01-04 0.721555 -0.706771 2013-01-05 -0.424972 0.567020 2013-01-06 -0.673690 0.113648

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In [ 27 ] : df . loc [ : , [ 'A' , 'B' ] ] Out [ 27 ] :                    A          B 2013 - 01 - 01    0.469112 - 0.282863 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 2.104569 2013 - 01 - 04    0.721555 - 0.706771 2013 - 01 - 05 - 0.424972    0.567020 2013 - 01 - 06 - 0.673690    0.113648

显示标签切片, 包含两个端点

Python

In [28]: df.loc['20130102':'20130104',['A','B']] Out[28]: A B 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -2.104569 2013-01-04 0.721555 -0.706771

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In [ 28 ] : df . loc [ '20130102' : '20130104' , [ 'A' , 'B' ] ] Out [ 28 ] :                    A          B 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 2.104569 2013 - 01 - 04    0.721555 - 0.706771

降低返回对象维度

Python

In [29]: df.loc['20130102',['A','B']] Out[29]: A 1.212112 B -0.173215 Name: 2013-01-02 00:00:00, dtype: float64

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In [ 29 ] : df . loc [ '20130102' , [ 'A' , 'B' ] ] Out [ 29 ] : A      1.212112 B    - 0.173215 Name : 2013 - 01 - 02 00 : 00 : 00 , dtype : float64

获取标量值

Python

In [30]: df.loc[dates[0],'A'] Out[30]: 0.46911229990718628

1 2	In [ 30 ] : df . loc [ dates [ 0 ] , 'A' ] Out [ 30 ] : 0.46911229990718628

快速访问并获取标量数据 (等价上面的方法)

Python

In [31]: df.at[dates[0],'A'] Out[31]: 0.46911229990718628

1 2	In [ 31 ] : df . at [ dates [ 0 ] , 'A' ] Out [ 31 ] : 0.46911229990718628

按位置选择

更多信息请参阅按位置参阅

传递整数选择位置

Python

In [32]: df.iloc[3] Out[32]: A 0.721555 B -0.706771 C -1.039575 D 0.271860 Name: 2013-01-04 00:00:00, dtype: float64

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In [ 32 ] : df . iloc [ 3 ] Out [ 32 ] : A      0.721555 B    - 0.706771 C    - 1.039575 D      0.271860 Name : 2013 - 01 - 04 00 : 00 : 00 , dtype : float64

使用整数片断,效果类似numpy/python

Python

In [33]: df.iloc[3:5,0:2] Out[33]: A B 2013-01-04 0.721555 -0.706771 2013-01-05 -0.424972 0.567020

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In [ 33 ] : df . iloc [ 3 : 5 , 0 : 2 ] Out [ 33 ] :                    A          B 2013 - 01 - 04    0.721555 - 0.706771 2013 - 01 - 05 - 0.424972    0.567020

使用整数偏移定位列表,效果类似 numpy/python 样式

Python

In [34]: df.iloc[[1,2,4],[0,2]] Out[34]: A C 2013-01-02 1.212112 0.119209 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -0.494929 2013-01-05 -0.424972 0.276232

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In [ 34 ] : df . iloc [ [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] , [ 0 , 2 ] ] Out [ 34 ] :                    A          C 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112    0.119209 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 0.494929 2013 - 01 - 05 - 0.424972    0.276232

显式行切片

Python

In [35]: df.iloc[1:3,:] Out[35]: A B C D 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 0.119209 -1.044236 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -2.104569 -0.494929 1.071804

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In [ 35 ] : df . iloc [ 1 : 3 , : ] Out [ 35 ] :                    A          B          C          D 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215    0.119209 - 1.044236 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 2.104569 - 0.494929    1.071804

显式列切片

Python

In [36]: df.iloc[:,1:3] Out[36]: B C 2013-01-01 -0.282863 -1.509059 2013-01-02 -0.173215 0.119209 2013-01-03 -2.104569 -0.494929 2013-01-04 -0.706771 -1.039575 2013-01-05 0.567020 0.276232 2013-01-06 0.113648 -1.478427

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In [ 36 ] : df . iloc [ : , 1 : 3 ] Out [ 36 ] :                    B          C 2013 - 01 - 01 - 0.282863 - 1.509059 2013 - 01 - 02 - 0.173215    0.119209 2013 - 01 - 03 - 2.104569 - 0.494929 2013 - 01 - 04 - 0.706771 - 1.039575 2013 - 01 - 05    0.567020    0.276232 2013 - 01 - 06    0.113648 - 1.478427

显式获取一个值

Python

In [37]: df.iloc[1,1] Out[37]: -0.17321464905330861

1 2	In [ 37 ] : df . iloc [ 1 , 1 ] Out [ 37 ] : - 0.17321464905330861

快速访问一个标量（等同上个方法）

Python

In [38]: df.iat[1,1] Out[38]: -0.17321464905330861

1 2	In [ 38 ] : df . iat [ 1 , 1 ] Out [ 38 ] : - 0.17321464905330861

布尔索引

使用单个列的值选择数据.

Python

In [39]: df[df.A > 0] Out[39]: A B C D 2013-01-01 0.469112 -0.282863 -1.509059 -1.135632 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 0.119209 -1.044236 2013-01-04 0.721555 -0.706771 -1.039575 0.271860

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In [ 39 ] : df [ df . A > 0 ] Out [ 39 ] :                    A          B          C          D 2013 - 01 - 01    0.469112 - 0.282863 - 1.509059 - 1.135632 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215    0.119209 - 1.044236 2013 - 01 - 04    0.721555 - 0.706771 - 1.039575    0.271860

where 操作.

Python

In [40]: df[df > 0] Out[40]: A B C D 2013-01-01 0.469112 NaN NaN NaN 2013-01-02 1.212112 NaN 0.119209 NaN 2013-01-03 NaN NaN NaN 1.071804 2013-01-04 0.721555 NaN NaN 0.271860 2013-01-05 NaN 0.567020 0.276232 NaN 2013-01-06 NaN 0.113648 NaN 0.524988

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

In [ 40 ] : df [ df > 0 ] Out [ 40 ] :                    A          B          C          D 2013 - 01 - 01    0.469112        NaN       NaN       NaN 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112        NaN    0.119209        NaN 2013 - 01 - 03        NaN       NaN       NaN    1.071804 2013 - 01 - 04    0.721555        NaN       NaN    0.271860 2013 - 01 - 05        NaN    0.567020    0.276232        NaN 2013 - 01 - 06        NaN    0.113648        NaN    0.524988

使用 isin() 筛选：

Python

In [41]: df2 = df.copy() In [42]: df2['E']=['one', 'one','two','three','four','three'] In [43]: df2 Out[43]: A B C D E 2013-01-01 0.469112 -0.282863 -1.509059 -1.135632 one 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 0.119209 -1.044236 one 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -2.104569 -0.494929 1.071804 two 2013-01-04 0.721555 -0.706771 -1.039575 0.271860 three 2013-01-05 -0.424972 0.567020 0.276232 -1.087401 four 2013-01-06 -0.673690 0.113648 -1.478427 0.524988 three In [44]: df2[df2['E'].isin(['two','four'])] Out[44]: A B C D E 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -2.104569 -0.494929 1.071804 two 2013-01-05 -0.424972 0.567020 0.276232 -1.087401 four

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

In [ 41 ] : df2 = df . copy ( ) In [ 42 ] : df2 [ 'E' ] = [ 'one' , 'one' , 'two' , 'three' , 'four' , 'three' ]   In [ 43 ] : df2 Out [ 43 ] :                    A          B          C          D        E 2013 - 01 - 01    0.469112 - 0.282863 - 1.509059 - 1.135632      one 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215    0.119209 - 1.044236      one 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 2.104569 - 0.494929    1.071804      two 2013 - 01 - 04    0.721555 - 0.706771 - 1.039575    0.271860    three 2013 - 01 - 05 - 0.424972    0.567020    0.276232 - 1.087401    four 2013 - 01 - 06 - 0.673690    0.113648 - 1.478427    0.524988    three   In [ 44 ] : df2 [ df2 [ 'E' ] . isin ( [ 'two' , 'four' ] ) ] Out [ 44 ] :                    A          B          C          D      E 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 2.104569 - 0.494929    1.071804    two 2013 - 01 - 05 - 0.424972    0.567020    0.276232 - 1.087401    four

赋值

赋值一个新列，通过索引自动对齐数据

Python

In [45]: s1 = pd.Series([1,2,3,4,5,6],index=pd.date_range('20130102',periods=6)) In [46]: s1 Out[46]: 2013-01-02 1 2013-01-03 2 2013-01-04 3 2013-01-05 4 2013-01-06 5 2013-01-07 6 Freq: D, dtype: int64 In [47]: df['F'] = s1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

In [ 45 ] : s1 = pd . Series ( [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ] , index = pd . date_range ( '20130102' , periods = 6 ) ) In [ 46 ] : s1 Out [ 46 ] : 2013 - 01 - 02      1 2013 - 01 - 03      2 2013 - 01 - 04      3 2013 - 01 - 05      4 2013 - 01 - 06      5 2013 - 01 - 07      6 Freq : D , dtype : int64   In [ 47 ] : df [ 'F' ] = s1

按标签赋值

Python

In [48]: df.at[dates[0],'A'] = 0

1	In [ 48 ] : df . at [ dates [ 0 ] , 'A' ] = 0

按位置赋值

Python

In [49]: df.iat[0,1] = 0

1	In [ 49 ] : df . iat [ 0 , 1 ] = 0

通过numpy数组分配赋值

Python

In [50]: df.loc[:,'D'] = np.array([5] * len(df))

1	In [ 50 ] : df . loc [ : , 'D' ] = np . array ( [ 5 ] * len ( df ) )

之前的操作结果

Python

In [51]: df Out[51]: A B C D F 2013-01-01 0.000000 0.000000 -1.509059 5 NaN 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 0.119209 5 1 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -2.104569 -0.494929 5 2 2013-01-04 0.721555 -0.706771 -1.039575 5 3 2013-01-05 -0.424972 0.567020 0.276232 5 4 2013-01-06 -0.673690 0.113648 -1.478427 5 5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

In [ 51 ] : df Out [ 51 ] :                    A          B          C    D    F 2013 - 01 - 01    0.000000    0.000000 - 1.509059    5 NaN 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215    0.119209    5    1 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 2.104569 - 0.494929    5    2 2013 - 01 - 04    0.721555 - 0.706771 - 1.039575    5    3 2013 - 01 - 05 - 0.424972    0.567020    0.276232    5    4 2013 - 01 - 06 - 0.673690    0.113648 - 1.478427    5    5

where 操作赋值.

Python

In [52]: df2 = df.copy() In [53]: df2[df2 > 0] = -df2 In [54]: df2 Out[54]: A B C D F 2013-01-01 0.000000 0.000000 -1.509059 -5 NaN 2013-01-02 -1.212112 -0.173215 -0.119209 -5 -1 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -2.104569 -0.494929 -5 -2 2013-01-04 -0.721555 -0.706771 -1.039575 -5 -3 2013-01-05 -0.424972 -0.567020 -0.276232 -5 -4 2013-01-06 -0.673690 -0.113648 -1.478427 -5 -5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

In [ 52 ] : df2 = df . copy ( ) In [ 53 ] : df2 [ df2 > 0 ] = - df2 In [ 54 ] : df2 Out [ 54 ] :                    A          B          C    D    F 2013 - 01 - 01    0.000000    0.000000 - 1.509059 - 5 NaN 2013 - 01 - 02 - 1.212112 - 0.173215 - 0.119209 - 5    - 1 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 2.104569 - 0.494929 - 5    - 2 2013 - 01 - 04 - 0.721555 - 0.706771 - 1.039575 - 5    - 3 2013 - 01 - 05 - 0.424972 - 0.567020 - 0.276232 - 5    - 4 2013 - 01 - 06 - 0.673690 - 0.113648 - 1.478427 - 5    - 5

丢失的数据

pandas主要使用np.nan替换丢失的数据. 默认情况下它并不包含在计算中. 请参阅 Missing Data section

重建索引允许更改/添加/删除指定轴索引,并返回数据副本.

Python

In [55]: df1 = df.reindex(index=dates[0:4],columns=list(df.columns) + ['E']) In [56]: df1.loc[dates[0]:dates[1],'E'] = 1 In [57]: df1 Out[57]: A B C D F E 2013-01-01 0.000000 0.000000 -1.509059 5 NaN 1 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 0.119209 5 1 1 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -2.104569 -0.494929 5 2 NaN 2013-01-04 0.721555 -0.706771 -1.039575 5 3 NaN

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

In [ 55 ] : df1 = df . reindex ( index = dates [ 0 : 4 ] , columns = list ( df . columns ) + [ 'E' ] ) In [ 56 ] : df1 . loc [ dates [ 0 ] : dates [ 1 ] , 'E' ] = 1 In [ 57 ] : df1 Out [ 57 ] :                    A          B          C    D    F    E 2013 - 01 - 01    0.000000    0.000000 - 1.509059    5 NaN    1 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215    0.119209    5    1    1 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 2.104569 - 0.494929    5    2 NaN 2013 - 01 - 04    0.721555 - 0.706771 - 1.039575    5    3 NaN

删除任何有丢失数据的行.

Python

In [58]: df1.dropna(how='any') Out[58]: A B C D F E 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 0.119209 5 1 1

1 2 3 4

In [ 58 ] : df1 . dropna ( how = 'any' ) Out [ 58 ] :                    A          B          C    D    F    E 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215    0.119209    5    1    1

填充丢失数据

Python

In [59]: df1.fillna(value=5) Out[59]: A B C D F E 2013-01-01 0.000000 0.000000 -1.509059 5 5 1 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 0.119209 5 1 1 2013-01-03 -0.861849 -2.104569 -0.494929 5 2 5 2013-01-04 0.721555 -0.706771 -1.039575 5 3 5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

In [ 59 ] : df1 . fillna ( value = 5 ) Out [ 59 ] :                    A          B          C    D    F    E 2013 - 01 - 01    0.000000    0.000000 - 1.509059    5    5    1 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215    0.119209    5    1    1 2013 - 01 - 03 - 0.861849 - 2.104569 - 0.494929    5    2    5 2013 - 01 - 04    0.721555 - 0.706771 - 1.039575    5    3    5

获取值是否nan的布尔标记

Python

In [60]: pd.isnull(df1) Out[60]: A B C D F E 2013-01-01 False False False False True False 2013-01-02 False False False False False False 2013-01-03 False False False False False True 2013-01-04 False False False False False True

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

In [ 60 ] : pd . isnull ( df1 ) Out [ 60 ] :                  A        B        C        D        F        E 2013 - 01 - 01    False    False    False    False    True    False 2013 - 01 - 02    False    False    False    False    False    False 2013 - 01 - 03    False    False    False    False    False    True 2013 - 01 - 04    False    False    False    False    False    True

运算

参阅二元运算基础

统计

计算时一般不包括丢失的数据

执行描述性统计

Python

In [61]: df.mean() Out[61]: A -0.004474 B -0.383981 C -0.687758 D 5.000000 F 3.000000 dtype: float64

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

In [ 61 ] : df . mean ( ) Out [ 61 ] : A    - 0.004474 B    - 0.383981 C    - 0.687758 D      5.000000 F      3.000000 dtype : float64

在其他轴做相同的运算

Python

In [62]: df.mean(1) Out[62]: 2013-01-01 0.872735 2013-01-02 1.431621 2013-01-03 0.707731 2013-01-04 1.395042 2013-01-05 1.883656 2013-01-06 1.592306 Freq: D, dtype: float64

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

In [ 62 ] : df . mean ( 1 ) Out [ 62 ] : 2013 - 01 - 01      0.872735 2013 - 01 - 02      1.431621 2013 - 01 - 03      0.707731 2013 - 01 - 04      1.395042 2013 - 01 - 05      1.883656 2013 - 01 - 06      1.592306 Freq : D , dtype : float64

用于运算的对象有不同的维度并需要对齐.除此之外，pandas会自动沿着指定维度计算.

Python

In [63]: s = pd.Series([1,3,5,np.nan,6,8],index=dates).shift(2) In [64]: s Out[64]: 2013-01-01 NaN 2013-01-02 NaN 2013-01-03 1 2013-01-04 3 2013-01-05 5 2013-01-06 NaN Freq: D, dtype: float64 In [65]: df.sub(s,axis='index') Out[65]: A B C D F 2013-01-01 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 2013-01-02 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 2013-01-03 -1.861849 -3.104569 -1.494929 4 1 2013-01-04 -2.278445 -3.706771 -4.039575 2 0 2013-01-05 -5.424972 -4.432980 -4.723768 0 -1 2013-01-06 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

In [ 63 ] : s = pd . Series ( [ 1 , 3 , 5 , np . nan , 6 , 8 ] , index = dates ) . shift ( 2 ) In [ 64 ] : s Out [ 64 ] : 2013 - 01 - 01    NaN 2013 - 01 - 02    NaN 2013 - 01 - 03      1 2013 - 01 - 04      3 2013 - 01 - 05      5 2013 - 01 - 06    NaN Freq : D , dtype : float64   In [ 65 ] : df . sub ( s , axis = 'index' ) Out [ 65 ] :                    A          B          C    D    F 2013 - 01 - 01        NaN       NaN       NaN NaN NaN 2013 - 01 - 02        NaN       NaN       NaN NaN NaN 2013 - 01 - 03 - 1.861849 - 3.104569 - 1.494929    4    1 2013 - 01 - 04 - 2.278445 - 3.706771 - 4.039575    2    0 2013 - 01 - 05 - 5.424972 - 4.432980 - 4.723768    0    - 1 2013 - 01 - 06        NaN       NaN       NaN NaN NaN

Apply

在数据上使用函数

Python

In [66]: df.apply(np.cumsum) Out[66]: A B C D F 2013-01-01 0.000000 0.000000 -1.509059 5 NaN 2013-01-02 1.212112 -0.173215 -1.389850 10 1 2013-01-03 0.350263 -2.277784 -1.884779 15 3 2013-01-04 1.071818 -2.984555 -2.924354 20 6 2013-01-05 0.646846 -2.417535 -2.648122 25 10 2013-01-06 -0.026844 -2.303886 -4.126549 30 15 In [67]: df.apply(lambda x: x.max() - x.min()) Out[67]: A 2.073961 B 2.671590 C 1.785291 D 0.000000 F 4.000000 dtype: float64

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

In [ 66 ] : df . apply ( np . cumsum ) Out [ 66 ] :                    A          B          C    D    F 2013 - 01 - 01    0.000000    0.000000 - 1.509059    5 NaN 2013 - 01 - 02    1.212112 - 0.173215 - 1.389850    10    1 2013 - 01 - 03    0.350263 - 2.277784 - 1.884779    15    3 2013 - 01 - 04    1.071818 - 2.984555 - 2.924354    20    6 2013 - 01 - 05    0.646846 - 2.417535 - 2.648122    25    10 2013 - 01 - 06 - 0.026844 - 2.303886 - 4.126549    30    15   In [ 67 ] : df . apply ( lambda x : x . max ( ) - x . min ( ) ) Out [ 67 ] : A      2.073961 B      2.671590 C      1.785291 D      0.000000 F      4.000000 dtype : float64

直方图

请参阅 直方图和离散化

Python

In [68]: s = pd.Series(np.random.randint(0,7,size=10)) In [69]: s Out[69]: 0 4 1 2 2 1 3 2 4 6 5 4 6 4 7 6 8 4 9 4 dtype: int32 In [70]: s.value_counts() Out[70]: 4 5 6 2 2 2 1 1 dtype: int64

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

In [ 68 ] : s = pd . Series ( np . random . randint ( 0 , 7 , size = 10 ) ) In [ 69 ] : s Out [ 69 ] : 0      4 1      2 2      1 3      2 4      6 5      4 6      4 7      6 8      4 9      4 dtype : int32   In [ 70 ] : s . value_counts ( ) Out [ 70 ] : 4      5 6      2 2      2 1      1 dtype : int64

字符串方法

序列可以使用一些字符串处理方法很轻易操作数据组中的每个元素,比如以下代码片断。 注意字符匹配方法默认情况下通常使用正则表达式（并且大多数时候都如此）. 更多信息请参阅字符串向量方法.

Python

In [71]: s = pd.Series(['A', 'B', 'C', 'Aaba', 'Baca', np.nan, 'CABA', 'dog', 'cat']) In [72]: s.str.lower() Out[72]: 0 a 1 b 2 c 3 aaba 4 baca 5 NaN 6 caba 7 dog 8 cat dtype: object

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

In [ 71 ] : s = pd . Series ( [ 'A' , 'B' , 'C' , 'Aaba' , 'Baca' , np . nan , 'CABA' , 'dog' , 'cat' ] ) In [ 72 ] : s . str . lower ( ) Out [ 72 ] : 0        a 1        b 2        c 3      aaba 4      baca 5      NaN 6      caba 7      dog 8      cat dtype : object

合并

连接

pandas提供各种工具以简便合并序列,数据桢,和组合对象, 在连接/合并类型操作中使用多种类型索引和相关数学函数.

请参阅合并部分

把pandas对象连接到一起

Python

In [73]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 4)) In [74]: df Out[74]: 0 1 2 3 0 -0.548702 1.467327 -1.015962 -0.483075 1 1.637550 -1.217659 -0.291519 -1.745505 2 -0.263952 0.991460 -0.919069 0.266046 3 -0.709661 1.669052 1.037882 -1.705775 4 -0.919854 -0.042379 1.247642 -0.009920 5 0.290213 0.495767 0.362949 1.548106 6 -1.131345 -0.089329 0.337863 -0.945867 7 -0.932132 1.956030 0.017587 -0.016692 8 -0.575247 0.254161 -1.143704 0.215897 9 1.193555 -0.077118 -0.408530 -0.862495 # break it into pieces In [75]: pieces = [df[:3], df[3:7], df[7:]] In [76]: pd.concat(pieces) Out[76]: 0 1 2 3 0 -0.548702 1.467327 -1.015962 -0.483075 1 1.637550 -1.217659 -0.291519 -1.745505 2 -0.263952 0.991460 -0.919069 0.266046 3 -0.709661 1.669052 1.037882 -1.705775 4 -0.919854 -0.042379 1.247642 -0.009920 5 0.290213 0.495767 0.362949 1.548106 6 -1.131345 -0.089329 0.337863 -0.945867 7 -0.932132 1.956030 0.017587 -0.016692 8 -0.575247 0.254161 -1.143704 0.215897 9 1.193555 -0.077118 -0.408530 -0.862495

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

In [ 73 ] : df = pd . DataFrame ( np . random . randn ( 10 , 4 ) ) In [ 74 ] : df Out [ 74 ] :            0          1          2          3 0 - 0.548702    1.467327 - 1.015962 - 0.483075 1    1.637550 - 1.217659 - 0.291519 - 1.745505 2 - 0.263952    0.991460 - 0.919069    0.266046 3 - 0.709661    1.669052    1.037882 - 1.705775 4 - 0.919854 - 0.042379    1.247642 - 0.009920 5    0.290213    0.495767    0.362949    1.548106 6 - 1.131345 - 0.089329    0.337863 - 0.945867 7 - 0.932132    1.956030    0.017587 - 0.016692 8 - 0.575247    0.254161 - 1.143704    0.215897 9    1.193555 - 0.077118 - 0.408530 - 0.862495   # break it into pieces In [ 75 ] : pieces = [ df [ : 3 ] , df [ 3 : 7 ] , df [ 7 : ] ] In [ 76 ] : pd . concat ( pieces ) Out [ 76 ] :            0          1          2          3 0 - 0.548702    1.467327 - 1.015962 - 0.483075 1    1.637550 - 1.217659 - 0.291519 - 1.745505 2 - 0.263952    0.991460 - 0.919069    0.266046 3 - 0.709661    1.669052    1.037882 - 1.705775 4 - 0.919854 - 0.042379    1.247642 - 0.009920 5    0.290213    0.495767    0.362949    1.548106 6 - 1.131345 - 0.089329    0.337863 - 0.945867 7 - 0.932132    1.956030    0.017587 - 0.016692 8 - 0.575247    0.254161 - 1.143704    0.215897 9    1.193555 - 0.077118 - 0.408530 - 0.862495

连接

SQL样式合并. 请参阅 数据库style联接

Python

In [77]: left = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['foo', 'foo'], 'lval': [1, 2]}) In [78]: right = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['foo', 'foo'], 'rval': [4, 5]}) In [79]: left Out[79]: key lval 0 foo 1 1 foo 2 In [80]: right Out[80]: key rval 0 foo 4 1 foo 5 In [81]: pd.merge(left, right, on='key') Out[81]: key lval rval 0 foo 1 4 1 foo 1 5 2 foo 2 4 3 foo 2 5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

In [ 77 ] : left = pd . DataFrame ( { 'key' : [ 'foo' , 'foo' ] , 'lval' : [ 1 , 2 ] } ) In [ 78 ] : right = pd . DataFrame ( { 'key' : [ 'foo' , 'foo' ] , 'rval' : [ 4 , 5 ] } ) In [ 79 ] : left Out [ 79 ] :    key   lval 0    foo      1 1    foo      2   In [ 80 ] : right Out [ 80 ] :    key   rval 0    foo      4 1    foo      5   In [ 81 ] : pd . merge ( left , right , on = 'key' ) Out [ 81 ] :    key   lval   rval 0    foo      1      4 1    foo      1      5 2    foo      2      4 3    foo      2      5

添加

添加行到数据增. 参阅 添加

Python

In [82]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8, 4), columns=['A','B','C','D']) In [83]: df Out[83]: A B C D 0 1.346061 1.511763 1.627081 -0.990582 1 -0.441652 1.211526 0.268520 0.024580 2 -1.577585 0.396823 -0.105381 -0.532532 3 1.453749 1.208843 -0.080952 -0.264610 4 -0.727965 -0.589346 0.339969 -0.693205 5 -0.339355 0.593616 0.884345 1.591431 6 0.141809 0.220390 0.435589 0.192451 7 -0.096701 0.803351 1.715071 -0.708758 In [84]: s = df.iloc[3] In [85]: df.append(s, ignore_index=True) Out[85]: A B C D 0 1.346061 1.511763 1.627081 -0.990582 1 -0.441652 1.211526 0.268520 0.024580 2 -1.577585 0.396823 -0.105381 -0.532532 3 1.453749 1.208843 -0.080952 -0.264610 4 -0.727965 -0.589346 0.339969 -0.693205 5 -0.339355 0.593616 0.884345 1.591431 6 0.141809 0.220390 0.435589 0.192451 7 -0.096701 0.803351 1.715071 -0.708758 8 1.453749 1.208843 -0.080952 -0.264610

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

In [ 82 ] : df = pd . DataFrame ( np . random . randn ( 8 , 4 ) , columns = [ 'A' , 'B' , 'C' , 'D' ] ) In [ 83 ] : df Out [ 83 ] :            A          B          C          D 0    1.346061    1.511763    1.627081 - 0.990582 1 - 0.441652    1.211526    0.268520    0.024580 2 - 1.577585    0.396823 - 0.105381 - 0.532532 3    1.453749    1.208843 - 0.080952 - 0.264610 4 - 0.727965 - 0.589346    0.339969 - 0.693205 5 - 0.339355    0.593616    0.884345    1.591431 6    0.141809    0.220390    0.435589    0.192451 7 - 0.096701    0.803351    1.715071 - 0.708758   In [ 84 ] : s = df . iloc [ 3 ] In [ 85 ] : df . append ( s , ignore_index = True ) Out [ 85 ] :            A          B          C          D 0    1.346061    1.511763    1.627081 - 0.990582 1 - 0.441652    1.211526    0.268520    0.024580 2 - 1.577585    0.396823 - 0.105381 - 0.532532 3    1.453749    1.208843 - 0.080952 - 0.264610 4 - 0.727965 - 0.589346    0.339969 - 0.693205 5 - 0.339355    0.593616    0.884345    1.591431 6    0.141809    0.220390    0.435589    0.192451 7 - 0.096701    0.803351    1.715071 - 0.708758 8    1.453749    1.208843 - 0.080952 - 0.264610

分组

对于“group by”指的是以下一个或多个处理

• 将数据按某些标准分割为不同的组
• 在每个独立组上应用函数
• 组合结果为一个数据结构

请参阅 分组部分

Python

In [86]: df = pd.DataFrame({'A' : ['foo', 'bar', 'foo', 'bar', ....: 'foo', 'bar', 'foo', 'foo'], ....: 'B' : ['one', 'one', 'two', 'three', ....: 'two', 'two', 'one', 'three'], ....: 'C' : np.random.randn(8), ....: 'D' : np.random.randn(8)}) ....: In [87]: df Out[87]: A B C D 0 foo one -1.202872 -0.055224 1 bar one -1.814470 2.395985 2 foo two 1.018601 1.552825 3 bar three -0.595447 0.166599 4 foo two 1.395433 0.047609 5 bar two -0.392670 -0.136473 6 foo one 0.007207 -0.561757 7 foo three 1.928123 -1.623033

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In [ 86 ] : df = pd . DataFrame ( { 'A' : [ 'foo' , 'bar' , 'foo' , 'bar' ,    . . . . :                            'foo' , 'bar' , 'foo' , 'foo' ] ,    . . . . :                      'B' : [ 'one' , 'one' , 'two' , 'three' ,    . . . . :                            'two' , 'two' , 'one' , 'three' ] ,    . . . . :                      'C' : np . random . randn ( 8 ) ,    . . . . :                      'D' : np . random . randn ( 8 ) } )    . . . . : In [ 87 ] : df Out [ 87 ] :      A        B          C          D 0    foo     one - 1.202872 - 0.055224 1    bar     one - 1.814470    2.395985 2    foo     two    1.018601    1.552825 3    bar   three - 0.595447    0.166599 4    foo     two    1.395433    0.047609 5    bar     two - 0.392670 - 0.136473 6    foo     one    0.007207 - 0.561757 7    foo   three    1.928123 - 1.623033

分组然后应用函数统计总和存放到结果组

Python

In [88]: df.groupby('A').sum() Out[88]: C D A bar -2.802588 2.42611 foo 3.146492 -0.63958

1 2 3 4 5 6

In [ 88 ] : df . groupby ( 'A' ) . sum ( ) Out [ 88 ] :              C          D A                      bar - 2.802588    2.42611 foo    3.146492 - 0.63958

按多列分组为层次索引,然后应用函数

Python

In [89]: df.groupby(['A','B']).sum() Out[89]: C D A B bar one -1.814470 2.395985 three -0.595447 0.166599 two -0.392670 -0.136473 foo one -1.195665 -0.616981 three 1.928123 -1.623033 two 2.414034 1.600434

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In [ 89 ] : df . groupby ( [ 'A' , 'B' ] ) . sum ( ) Out [ 89 ] :                    C          D A    B                          bar one    - 1.814470    2.395985      three - 0.595447    0.166599      two    - 0.392670 - 0.136473 foo one    - 1.195665 - 0.616981      three    1.928123 - 1.623033      two      2.414034    1.600434

重塑

请参阅章节 分层索引 和 重塑.

堆叠

Python

In [90]: tuples = list(zip(*[['bar', 'bar', 'baz', 'baz', ....: 'foo', 'foo', 'qux', 'qux'], ....: ['one', 'two', 'one', 'two', ....: 'one', 'two', 'one', 'two']])) ....: In [91]: index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(tuples, names=['first', 'second']) In [92]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8, 2), index=index, columns=['A', 'B']) In [93]: df2 = df[:4] In [94]: df2 Out[94]: A B first second bar one 0.029399 -0.542108 two 0.282696 -0.087302 baz one -1.575170 1.771208 two 0.816482 1.100230

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In [ 90 ] : tuples = list ( zip ( * [ [ 'bar' , 'bar' , 'baz' , 'baz' ,    . . . . :                        'foo' , 'foo' , 'qux' , 'qux' ] ,    . . . . :                      [ 'one' , 'two' , 'one' , 'two' ,    . . . . :                        'one' , 'two' , 'one' , 'two' ] ] ) )    . . . . : In [ 91 ] : index = pd . MultiIndex . from_tuples ( tuples , names = [ 'first' , 'second' ] ) In [ 92 ] : df = pd . DataFrame ( np . random . randn ( 8 , 2 ) , index = index , columns = [ 'A' , 'B' ] ) In [ 93 ] : df2 = df [ : 4 ] In [ 94 ] : df2 Out [ 94 ] :                      A          B first second                     bar   one      0.029399 - 0.542108        two      0.282696 - 0.087302 baz   one      - 1.575170    1.771208        two      0.816482    1.100230

堆叠 函数 “压缩” 数据桢的列一个级别.

Python

In [95]: stacked = df2.stack() In [96]: stacked Out[96]: first second bar one A 0.029399 B -0.542108 two A 0.282696 B -0.087302 baz one A -1.575170 B 1.771208 two A 0.816482 B 1.100230 dtype: float64

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In [ 95 ] : stacked = df2 . stack ( ) In [ 96 ] : stacked Out [ 96 ] : first   second   bar     one      A      0.029399                B    - 0.542108        two      A      0.282696                B    - 0.087302 baz     one      A    - 1.575170                B      1.771208        two      A      0.816482                B      1.100230 dtype : float64

被“堆叠”数据桢或序列(有多个索引作为索引), 其堆叠的反向操作是未堆栈, 上面的数据默认反堆叠到上一级别:

Python

In [97]: stacked.unstack() Out[97]: A B first second bar one 0.029399 -0.542108 two 0.282696 -0.087302 baz one -1.575170 1.771208 two 0.816482 1.100230 In [98]: stacked.unstack(1) Out[98]: second one two first bar A 0.029399 0.282696 B -0.542108 -0.087302 baz A -1.575170 0.816482 B 1.771208 1.100230 In [99]: stacked.unstack(0) Out[99]: first bar baz second one A 0.029399 -1.575170 B -0.542108 1.771208 two A 0.282696 0.816482 B -0.087302 1.100230

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In [ 97 ] : stacked . unstack ( ) Out [ 97 ] :                      A          B first second                     bar   one      0.029399 - 0.542108        two      0.282696 - 0.087302 baz   one      - 1.575170    1.771208        two      0.816482    1.100230   In [ 98 ] : stacked . unstack ( 1 ) Out [ 98 ] : second         one       two first                       bar    A    0.029399    0.282696        B - 0.542108 - 0.087302 baz    A - 1.575170    0.816482        B    1.771208    1.100230   In [ 99 ] : stacked . unstack ( 0 ) Out [ 99 ] : first           bar       baz second                       one      A    0.029399 - 1.575170        B - 0.542108    1.771208 two      A    0.282696    0.816482        B - 0.087302    1.100230

数据透视表

查看数据透视表.

Python

In [100]: df = pd.DataFrame({'A' : ['one', 'one', 'two', 'three'] * 3, .....: 'B' : ['A', 'B', 'C'] * 4, .....: 'C' : ['foo', 'foo', 'foo', 'bar', 'bar', 'bar'] * 2, .....: 'D' : np.random.randn(12), .....: 'E' : np.random.randn(12)}) .....: In [101]: df Out[101]: A B C D E 0 one A foo 1.418757 -0.179666 1 one B foo -1.879024 1.291836 2 two C foo 0.536826 -0.009614 3 three A bar 1.006160 0.392149 4 one B bar -0.029716 0.264599 5 one C bar -1.146178 -0.057409 6 two A foo 0.100900 -1.425638 7 three B foo -1.035018 1.024098 8 one C foo 0.314665 -0.106062 9 one A bar -0.773723 1.824375 10 two B bar -1.170653 0.595974 11 three C bar 0.648740 1.167115

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In [ 100 ] : df = pd . DataFrame ( { 'A' : [ 'one' , 'one' , 'two' , 'three' ] * 3 ,    . . . . . :                      'B' : [ 'A' , 'B' , 'C' ] * 4 ,    . . . . . :                      'C' : [ 'foo' , 'foo' , 'foo' , 'bar' , 'bar' , 'bar' ] * 2 ,    . . . . . :                      'D' : np . random . randn ( 12 ) ,    . . . . . :                      'E' : np . random . randn ( 12 ) } )    . . . . . : In [ 101 ] : df Out [ 101 ] :          A    B      C          D          E 0      one    A    foo    1.418757 - 0.179666 1      one    B    foo - 1.879024    1.291836 2      two    C    foo    0.536826 - 0.009614 3    three    A    bar    1.006160    0.392149 4      one    B    bar - 0.029716    0.264599 5      one    C    bar - 1.146178 - 0.057409 6      two    A    foo    0.100900 - 1.425638 7    three    B    foo - 1.035018    1.024098 8      one    C    foo    0.314665 - 0.106062 9      one    A    bar - 0.773723    1.824375 10      two    B    bar - 1.170653    0.595974 11    three    C    bar    0.648740    1.167115

我们可以从此数据非常容易的产生数据透视表:

Python

In [102]: pd.pivot_table(df, values='D', index=['A', 'B'], columns=['C']) Out[102]: C bar foo A B one A -0.773723 1.418757 B -0.029716 -1.879024 C -1.146178 0.314665 three A 1.006160 NaN B NaN -1.035018 C 0.648740 NaN two A NaN 0.100900 B -1.170653 NaN C NaN 0.536826

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In [ 102 ] : pd . pivot_table ( df , values = 'D' , index = [ 'A' , 'B' ] , columns = [ 'C' ] ) Out [ 102 ] : C              bar       foo A      B                      one    A - 0.773723    1.418757        B - 0.029716 - 1.879024        C - 1.146178    0.314665 three A    1.006160        NaN        B        NaN - 1.035018        C    0.648740        NaN two    A        NaN    0.100900        B - 1.170653        NaN        C        NaN    0.536826

时间序列

pandas有易用,强大且高效的函数用于高频数据重采样转换操作(例如,转换秒数据到5分钟数据), 这是很普遍的情况，但并不局限于金融应用, 请参阅时间序列章节

Python

In [103]: rng = pd.date_range('1/1/2012', periods=100, freq='S') In [104]: ts = pd.Series(np.random.randint(0, 500, len(rng)), index=rng) In [105]: ts.resample('5Min', how='sum') Out[105]: 2012-01-01 25083 Freq: 5T, dtype: int32

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In [ 103 ] : rng = pd . date_range ( '1/1/2012' , periods = 100 , freq = 'S' ) In [ 104 ] : ts = pd . Series ( np . random . randint ( 0 , 500 , len ( rng ) ) , index = rng ) In [ 105 ] : ts . resample ( '5Min' , how = 'sum' ) Out [ 105 ] : 2012 - 01 - 01      25083 Freq : 5T , dtype : int32

时区表示

Python

In [106]: rng = pd.date_range('3/6/2012 00:00', periods=5, freq='D') In [107]: ts = pd.Series(np.random.randn(len(rng)), rng) In [108]: ts Out[108]: 2012-03-06 0.464000 2012-03-07 0.227371 2012-03-08 -0.496922 2012-03-09 0.306389 2012-03-10 -2.290613 Freq: D, dtype: float64 In [109]: ts_utc = ts.tz_localize('UTC') In [110]: ts_utc Out[110]: 2012-03-06 00:00:00+00:00 0.464000 2012-03-07 00:00:00+00:00 0.227371 2012-03-08 00:00:00+00:00 -0.496922 2012-03-09 00:00:00+00:00 0.306389 2012-03-10 00:00:00+00:00 -2.290613 Freq: D, dtype: float64

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In [ 106 ] : rng = pd . date_range ( '3/6/2012 00:00' , periods = 5 , freq = 'D' ) In [ 107 ] : ts = pd . Series ( np . random . randn ( len ( rng ) ) , rng ) In [ 108 ] : ts Out [ 108 ] : 2012 - 03 - 06      0.464000 2012 - 03 - 07      0.227371 2012 - 03 - 08    - 0.496922 2012 - 03 - 09      0.306389 2012 - 03 - 10    - 2.290613 Freq : D , dtype : float64   In [ 109 ] : ts_utc = ts . tz_localize ( 'UTC' ) In [ 110 ] : ts_utc Out [ 110 ] : 2012 - 03 - 06 00 : 00 : 00 + 00 : 00      0.464000 2012 - 03 - 07 00 : 00 : 00 + 00 : 00      0.227371 2012 - 03 - 08 00 : 00 : 00 + 00 : 00    - 0.496922 2012 - 03 - 09 00 : 00 : 00 + 00 : 00      0.306389 2012 - 03 - 10 00 : 00 : 00 + 00 : 00    - 2.290613 Freq : D , dtype : float64

转换到其它时区

Python

In [111]: ts_utc.tz_convert('US/Eastern') Out[111]: 2012-03-05 19:00:00-05:00 0.464000 2012-03-06 19:00:00-05:00 0.227371 2012-03-07 19:00:00-05:00 -0.496922 2012-03-08 19:00:00-05:00 0.306389 2012-03-09 19:00:00-05:00 -2.290613 Freq: D, dtype: float64

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In [ 111 ] : ts_utc . tz_convert ( 'US/Eastern' ) Out [ 111 ] : 2012 - 03 - 05 19 : 00 : 00 - 05 : 00      0.464000 2012 - 03 - 06 19 : 00 : 00 - 05 : 00      0.227371 2012 - 03 - 07 19 : 00 : 00 - 05 : 00    - 0.496922 2012 - 03 - 08 19 : 00 : 00 - 05 : 00      0.306389 2012 - 03 - 09 19 : 00 : 00 - 05 : 00    - 2.290613 Freq : D , dtype : float64

转换不同的时间跨度

Python

In [112]: rng = pd.date_range('1/1/2012', periods=5, freq='M') In [113]: ts = pd.Series(np.random.randn(len(rng)), index=rng) In [114]: ts Out[114]: 2012-01-31 -1.134623 2012-02-29 -1.561819 2012-03-31 -0.260838 2012-04-30 0.281957 2012-05-31 1.523962 Freq: M, dtype: float64 In [115]: ps = ts.to_period() In [116]: ps Out[116]: 2012-01 -1.134623 2012-02 -1.561819 2012-03 -0.260838 2012-04 0.281957 2012-05 1.523962 Freq: M, dtype: float64 In [117]: ps.to_timestamp() Out[117]: 2012-01-01 -1.134623 2012-02-01 -1.561819 2012-03-01 -0.260838 2012-04-01 0.281957 2012-05-01 1.523962 Freq: MS, dtype: float64

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In [ 112 ] : rng = pd . date_range ( '1/1/2012' , periods = 5 , freq = 'M' ) In [ 113 ] : ts = pd . Series ( np . random . randn ( len ( rng ) ) , index = rng ) In [ 114 ] : ts Out [ 114 ] : 2012 - 01 - 31    - 1.134623 2012 - 02 - 29    - 1.561819 2012 - 03 - 31    - 0.260838 2012 - 04 - 30      0.281957 2012 - 05 - 31      1.523962 Freq : M , dtype : float64   In [ 115 ] : ps = ts . to_period ( ) In [ 116 ] : ps Out [ 116 ] : 2012 - 01    - 1.134623 2012 - 02    - 1.561819 2012 - 03    - 0.260838 2012 - 04      0.281957 2012 - 05      1.523962 Freq : M , dtype : float64   In [ 117 ] : ps . to_timestamp ( ) Out [ 117 ] : 2012 - 01 - 01    - 1.134623 2012 - 02 - 01    - 1.561819 2012 - 03 - 01    - 0.260838 2012 - 04 - 01      0.281957 2012 - 05 - 01      1.523962 Freq : MS , dtype : float64

转换时段并且使用一些运算函数, 下例中, 我们转换年报11月到季度结束每日上午9点数据

Python

In [118]: prng = pd.period_range('1990Q1', '2000Q4', freq='Q-NOV') In [119]: ts = pd.Series(np.random.randn(len(prng)), prng) In [120]: ts.index = (prng.asfreq('M', 'e') + 1).asfreq('H', 's') + 9 In [121]: ts.head() Out[121]: 1990-03-01 09:00 -0.902937 1990-06-01 09:00 0.068159 1990-09-01 09:00 -0.057873 1990-12-01 09:00 -0.368204 1991-03-01 09:00 -1.144073 Freq: H, dtype: float64

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In [ 118 ] : prng = pd . period_range ( '1990Q1' , '2000Q4' , freq = 'Q-NOV' ) In [ 119 ] : ts = pd . Series ( np . random . randn ( len ( prng ) ) , prng ) In [ 120 ] : ts . index = ( prng . asfreq ( 'M' , 'e' ) + 1 ) . asfreq ( 'H' , 's' ) + 9 In [ 121 ] : ts . head ( ) Out [ 121 ] : 1990 - 03 - 01 09 : 00    - 0.902937 1990 - 06 - 01 09 : 00      0.068159 1990 - 09 - 01 09 : 00    - 0.057873 1990 - 12 - 01 09 : 00    - 0.368204 1991 - 03 - 01 09 : 00    - 1.144073 Freq : H , dtype : float64

分类

自版本0.15起, pandas可以在数据桢中包含分类. 完整的文档, 请查看分类介绍 and the API文档.

Python

In [122]: df = pd.DataFrame({"id":[1,2,3,4,5,6], "raw_grade":['a', 'b', 'b', 'a', 'a', 'e']})

1	In [ 122 ] : df = pd . DataFrame ( { "id" : [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ] , "raw_grade" : [ 'a' , 'b' , 'b' , 'a' , 'a' , 'e' ] } )

转换原始类别为分类数据类型.

Python

In [123]: df["grade"] = df["raw_grade"].astype("category") In [124]: df["grade"] Out[124]: 0 a 1 b 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 e Name: grade, dtype: category Categories (3, object): [a, b, e]

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In [ 123 ] : df [ "grade" ] = df [ "raw_grade" ] . astype ( "category" ) In [ 124 ] : df [ "grade" ] Out [ 124 ] : 0      a 1      b 2      b 3      a 4      a 5      e Name : grade , dtype : category Categories ( 3 , object ) : [ a , b , e ]

重命令分类为更有意义的名称 (分配到Series.cat.categories对应位置!)

Python

In [125]: df["grade"].cat.categories = ["very good", "good", "very bad"]

1	In [ 125 ] : df [ "grade" ] . cat . categories = [ "very good" , "good" , "very bad" ]

重排顺分类,同时添加缺少的分类(序列 .cat方法下返回新默认序列)

Python

In [126]: df["grade"] = df["grade"].cat.set_categories(["very bad", "bad", "medium", "good", "very good"]) In [127]: df["grade"] Out[127]: 0 very good 1 good 2 good 3 very good 4 very good 5 very bad Name: grade, dtype: category Categories (5, object): [very bad, bad, medium, good, very good]

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In [ 126 ] : df [ "grade" ] = df [ "grade" ] . cat . set_categories ( [ "very bad" , "bad" , "medium" , "good" , "very good" ] ) In [ 127 ] : df [ "grade" ] Out [ 127 ] : 0      very good 1          good 2          good 3      very good 4      very good 5      very bad Name : grade , dtype : category Categories ( 5 , object ) : [ very bad , bad , medium , good , very good ]

排列分类中的顺序,不是按词汇排列.

Python

In [128]: df.sort("grade") Out[128]: id raw_grade grade 5 6 e very bad 1 2 b good 2 3 b good 0 1 a very good 3 4 a very good 4 5 a very good

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In [ 128 ] : df . sort ( "grade" ) Out [ 128 ] :    id raw_grade       grade 5    6          e    very bad 1    2          b        good 2    3          b        good 0    1          a    very good 3    4          a    very good 4    5          a    very good

类别列分组,并且也显示空类别.

Python

In [129]: df.groupby("grade").size() Out[129]: grade very bad 1 bad NaN medium NaN good 2 very good 3 dtype: float64

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In [ 129 ] : df . groupby ( "grade" ) . size ( ) Out [ 129 ] : grade very bad        1 bad         NaN medium       NaN good            2 very good      3 dtype : float64

绘图

绘图文档.

Python

In [130]: ts = pd.Series(np.random.randn(1000), index=pd.date_range('1/1/2000', periods=1000)) In [131]: ts = ts.cumsum() In [132]: ts.plot() Out[132]: <matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0xb02091ac>

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In [ 130 ] : ts = pd . Series ( np . random . randn ( 1000 ) , index = pd . date_range ( '1/1/2000' , periods = 1000 ) ) In [ 131 ] : ts = ts . cumsum ( ) In [ 132 ] : ts . plot ( ) Out [ 132 ] : < matplotlib . axes . _subplots . AxesSubplot at 0xb02091ac >

在数据桢中,可以很方便的绘制带标签列:

Python

In [133]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(1000, 4), index=ts.index, .....: columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']) .....: In [134]: df = df.cumsum() In [135]: plt.figure(); df.plot(); plt.legend(loc='best') Out[135]: <matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0xb01c9cac>

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In [ 133 ] : df = pd . DataFrame ( np . random . randn ( 1000 , 4 ) , index = ts . index ,    . . . . . :                    columns = [ 'A' , 'B' , 'C' , 'D' ] )    . . . . . : In [ 134 ] : df = df . cumsum ( ) In [ 135 ] : plt . figure ( ) ; df . plot ( ) ; plt . legend ( loc = 'best' ) Out [ 135 ] : < matplotlib . legend . Legend at 0xb01c9cac >

获取数据输入/输出

CSV

写入csv文件

Python

In [136]: df.to_csv('foo.csv')

1	In [ 136 ] : df . to_csv ( 'foo.csv' )

读取csv文件

Python

In [137]: pd.read_csv('foo.csv') Out[137]: Unnamed: 0 A B C D 0 2000-01-01 0.266457 -0.399641 -0.219582 1.186860 1 2000-01-02 -1.170732 -0.345873 1.653061 -0.282953 2 2000-01-03 -1.734933 0.530468 2.060811 -0.515536 3 2000-01-04 -1.555121 1.452620 0.239859 -1.156896 4 2000-01-05 0.578117 0.511371 0.103552 -2.428202 5 2000-01-06 0.478344 0.449933 -0.741620 -1.962409 6 2000-01-07 1.235339 -0.091757 -1.543861 -1.084753 .. ... ... ... ... ... 993 2002-09-20 -10.628548 -9.153563 -7.883146 28.313940 994 2002-09-21 -10.390377 -8.727491 -6.399645 30.914107 995 2002-09-22 -8.985362 -8.485624 -4.669462 31.367740 996 2002-09-23 -9.558560 -8.781216 -4.499815 30.518439 997 2002-09-24 -9.902058 -9.340490 -4.386639 30.105593 998 2002-09-25 -10.216020 -9.480682 -3.933802 29.758560 999 2002-09-26 -11.856774 -10.671012 -3.216025 29.369368 [1000 rows x 5 columns]

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In [ 137 ] : pd . read_csv ( 'foo.csv' ) Out [ 137 ] :      Unnamed : 0            A            B          C            D 0      2000 - 01 - 01    0.266457    - 0.399641 - 0.219582    1.186860 1      2000 - 01 - 02    - 1.170732    - 0.345873    1.653061    - 0.282953 2      2000 - 01 - 03    - 1.734933    0.530468    2.060811    - 0.515536 3      2000 - 01 - 04    - 1.555121    1.452620    0.239859    - 1.156896 4      2000 - 01 - 05    0.578117    0.511371    0.103552    - 2.428202 5      2000 - 01 - 06    0.478344    0.449933 - 0.741620    - 1.962409 6      2000 - 01 - 07    1.235339    - 0.091757 - 1.543861    - 1.084753 . .            . . .          . . .          . . .        . . .          . . . 993    2002 - 09 - 20 - 10.628548    - 9.153563 - 7.883146    28.313940 994    2002 - 09 - 21 - 10.390377    - 8.727491 - 6.399645    30.914107 995    2002 - 09 - 22    - 8.985362    - 8.485624 - 4.669462    31.367740 996    2002 - 09 - 23    - 9.558560    - 8.781216 - 4.499815    30.518439 997    2002 - 09 - 24    - 9.902058    - 9.340490 - 4.386639    30.105593 998    2002 - 09 - 25 - 10.216020    - 9.480682 - 3.933802    29.758560 999    2002 - 09 - 26 - 11.856774 - 10.671012 - 3.216025    29.369368   [ 1000 rows x 5 columns ]

HDF5

读写HDF存储

写入HDF5存储

Python

In [138]: df.to_hdf('foo.h5','df')

1	In [ 138 ] : df . to_hdf ( 'foo.h5' , 'df' )

读取HDF5存储

Python

In [139]: pd.read_hdf('foo.h5','df') Out[139]: A B C D 2000-01-01 0.266457 -0.399641 -0.219582 1.186860 2000-01-02 -1.170732 -0.345873 1.653061 -0.282953 2000-01-03 -1.734933 0.530468 2.060811 -0.515536 2000-01-04 -1.555121 1.452620 0.239859 -1.156896 2000-01-05 0.578117 0.511371 0.103552 -2.428202 2000-01-06 0.478344 0.449933 -0.741620 -1.962409 2000-01-07 1.235339 -0.091757 -1.543861 -1.084753 ... ... ... ... ... 2002-09-20 -10.628548 -9.153563 -7.883146 28.313940 2002-09-21 -10.390377 -8.727491 -6.399645 30.914107 2002-09-22 -8.985362 -8.485624 -4.669462 31.367740 2002-09-23 -9.558560 -8.781216 -4.499815 30.518439 2002-09-24 -9.902058 -9.340490 -4.386639 30.105593 2002-09-25 -10.216020 -9.480682 -3.933802 29.758560 2002-09-26 -11.856774 -10.671012 -3.216025 29.369368 [1000 rows x 4 columns]

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In [ 139 ] : pd . read_hdf ( 'foo.h5' , 'df' ) Out [ 139 ] :                      A            B          C            D 2000 - 01 - 01    0.266457    - 0.399641 - 0.219582    1.186860 2000 - 01 - 02    - 1.170732    - 0.345873    1.653061    - 0.282953 2000 - 01 - 03    - 1.734933    0.530468    2.060811    - 0.515536 2000 - 01 - 04    - 1.555121    1.452620    0.239859    - 1.156896 2000 - 01 - 05    0.578117    0.511371    0.103552    - 2.428202 2000 - 01 - 06    0.478344    0.449933 - 0.741620    - 1.962409 2000 - 01 - 07    1.235339    - 0.091757 - 1.543861    - 1.084753 . . .                . . .          . . .        . . .          . . . 2002 - 09 - 20 - 10.628548    - 9.153563 - 7.883146    28.313940 2002 - 09 - 21 - 10.390377    - 8.727491 - 6.399645    30.914107 2002 - 09 - 22    - 8.985362    - 8.485624 - 4.669462    31.367740 2002 - 09 - 23    - 9.558560    - 8.781216 - 4.499815    30.518439 2002 - 09 - 24    - 9.902058    - 9.340490 - 4.386639    30.105593 2002 - 09 - 25 - 10.216020    - 9.480682 - 3.933802    29.758560 2002 - 09 - 26 - 11.856774 - 10.671012 - 3.216025    29.369368   [ 1000 rows x 4 columns ]

Excel

读写MS Excel

写入excel文件

Python

In [140]: df.to_excel('foo.xlsx', sheet_name='Sheet1')

1	In [ 140 ] : df . to_excel ( 'foo.xlsx' , sheet_name = 'Sheet1' )

读取excel文件

Python

In [141]: pd.read_excel('foo.xlsx', 'Sheet1', index_col=None, na_values=['NA']) Out[141]: A B C D 2000-01-01 0.266457 -0.399641 -0.219582 1.186860 2000-01-02 -1.170732 -0.345873 1.653061 -0.282953 2000-01-03 -1.734933 0.530468 2.060811 -0.515536 2000-01-04 -1.555121 1.452620 0.239859 -1.156896 2000-01-05 0.578117 0.511371 0.103552 -2.428202 2000-01-06 0.478344 0.449933 -0.741620 -1.962409 2000-01-07 1.235339 -0.091757 -1.543861 -1.084753 ... ... ... ... ... 2002-09-20 -10.628548 -9.153563 -7.883146 28.313940 2002-09-21 -10.390377 -8.727491 -6.399645 30.914107 2002-09-22 -8.985362 -8.485624 -4.669462 31.367740 2002-09-23 -9.558560 -8.781216 -4.499815 30.518439 2002-09-24 -9.902058 -9.340490 -4.386639 30.105593 2002-09-25 -10.216020 -9.480682 -3.933802 29.758560 2002-09-26 -11.856774 -10.671012 -3.216025 29.369368 [1000 rows x 4 columns]

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In [ 141 ] : pd . read_excel ( 'foo.xlsx' , 'Sheet1' , index_col = None , na_values = [ 'NA' ] ) Out [ 141 ] :                      A            B          C            D 2000 - 01 - 01    0.266457    - 0.399641 - 0.219582    1.186860 2000 - 01 - 02    - 1.170732    - 0.345873    1.653061    - 0.282953 2000 - 01 - 03    - 1.734933    0.530468    2.060811    - 0.515536 2000 - 01 - 04    - 1.555121    1.452620    0.239859    - 1.156896 2000 - 01 - 05    0.578117    0.511371    0.103552    - 2.428202 2000 - 01 - 06    0.478344    0.449933 - 0.741620    - 1.962409 2000 - 01 - 07    1.235339    - 0.091757 - 1.543861    - 1.084753 . . .                . . .          . . .        . . .          . . . 2002 - 09 - 20 - 10.628548    - 9.153563 - 7.883146    28.313940 2002 - 09 - 21 - 10.390377    - 8.727491 - 6.399645    30.914107 2002 - 09 - 22    - 8.985362    - 8.485624 - 4.669462    31.367740 2002 - 09 - 23    - 9.558560    - 8.781216 - 4.499815    30.518439 2002 - 09 - 24    - 9.902058    - 9.340490 - 4.386639    30.105593 2002 - 09 - 25 - 10.216020    - 9.480682 - 3.933802    29.758560 2002 - 09 - 26 - 11.856774 - 10.671012 - 3.216025    29.369368   [ 1000 rows x 4 columns ]

陷阱

如果尝试这样操作可能会看到像这样的异常:

Python

>>> if pd.Series([False, True, False]): print("I was true") Traceback ... ValueError: The truth value of an array is ambiguous. Use a.empty, a.any() or a.all().

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>>> if pd . Series ( [ False , True , False ] ) :      print ( "I was true" ) Traceback      . . . ValueError : The truth value of an array is ambiguous . Use a . empty , a . any ( ) or a . all ( ) .

查看对照获取解释和怎么做的帮助

也可以查看陷阱.