C++动态创建对象

1.类似java中的反射

2.动态获取类型信息（方法与属性）

3.动态创建对象

  动态调用对象的方法

  动态操作对象的属性

  需要给每个类添加原数据

   对原有的类不做任何改，只需要增加一个宏就能够动态创建

4.动态创建对象
  1)避免if,else编写，增加扩展性
  2)将类名放到配置文件中，组件初步
  组件A，主程序组件A；
  后来出现组件B，主程序下载组件B，更新配置文件；主程序读取配置文件，获得方法

5.代码如下：添加REGISTER_CLASS(类名)，即可动态创建

   sh make.sh生成可执行文件

   ./test

DynBase.h
#ifndef _DYNBASE_H_
#define _DYNBASE_H_

#include <map>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

typedef void* (*CREATE_FUNC)();

class DynObjectFactory {
public:
	static void* CreateObject(const string& name) {
		map<string, CREATE_FUNC>::const_iterator it;
		it = mapCls_.find(name);
		if(it == mapCls_.end()) {
			return NULL;
		} else {
			//return it->second();
			return (*it->second)();
		}
	}
	static void  Register(const string& name, CREATE_FUNC func) {
		mapCls_[name] = func;
	}
private:
	static map<string, CREATE_FUNC> mapCls_;
};

//__declspec(selectany) map<string, CREATE_FUNC> DynObjectFactory::mapCls_;
//map<string, CREATE_FUNC> DynObjectFactory::mapCls_;  // DynTest.cpp中使用DynBase.h;Shape.cpp中使用DynBase.h
__attribute((weak))map<string, CREATE_FUNC> DynObjectFactory::mapCls_;

class Register {
public:
	Register(const string& name, CREATE_FUNC func) {
		DynObjectFactory::Register(name, func);
	}
};

#define REGISTER_CLASS(class_name)\
class class_name##Register {\
public:\
	static void* NewInstance() {\
		return new class_name;\
	}\
private:\
	static Register reg_;\
};\
Register class_name##Register::reg_(#class_name, class_name##Register::NewInstance);

#endif // _DYNBASE_H_

REGISTER_CLASS也可以使用模板

template<typename T>
class DelegatingClass {
public:
	DelegatingClass(const string& name) {
		DynObjectFactory::Register(name, &(DelegatingClass::NewInstance));
	}
	
	static void* NewInstance() {
		return new T;
	}
	
};


#define REGISTER_CLASS(class_name) DelegatingClass<class_name> class##class_name(#class_name)

Shape.h
#ifndef _SHAPE_H_
#define _SHAPE_H_
class Shape {
public:
	virtual void Draw() = 0;
	virtual ~Shape() {};
};


class Circle: public Shape {
public:
	virtual void Draw() override;
	virtual ~Circle() override;
};


class Square: public Shape {
public:
	virtual void Draw() override;
	virtual ~Square() override;
};


class Rectangle: public Shape {
public:
	virtual void Draw() override;
	virtual ~Rectangle() override;
};
#endif // _SHAPE_H_

Shape.cpp
#include "Shape.h"
#include "DynBase.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void Circle::Draw() {
	cout << "Circle::Draw()" << endl;
}

Circle::~Circle() {
	cout << "~Circle ..." << endl;
}



void Square::Draw() {
	cout << "Square::Draw()" << endl;
}

Square::~Square() {
	cout << "~Square ..." << endl;
}



void Rectangle::Draw() {
	cout << "Rectangle::Draw()" << endl;
}

Rectangle::~Rectangle() {
	cout << "~Rectangle ..." << endl;
}


REGISTER_CLASS(Circle);
REGISTER_CLASS(Square);
REGISTER_CLASS(Rectangle);

/*
class CircleRegister {
public:
	static void* NewInstance() {
		return new Ciecle;
	}
private:
	static Register reg_;  //声明
};
Register CircleRegister::reg_("Circle", CircleRegister::NewInstance);
DynObjectFactory::Register("Circle", CircleRegister::NewInstance);
mapCls_["Circle"] = CircleRegister::NewInstance; 
*/

DynTest.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Shape.h"
#include "DynBase.h"
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

void DrawAllShapes(const vector<Shape*>& v) {
	vector<Shape*>::const_iterator it;
	for(it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it) {
		(*it)->Draw();
	}
}


void DeleteAllShapes(const vector<Shape*>& v) {
	vector<Shape*>::const_iterator it;
	for(it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it) {
		delete (*it);
	}
}
int main() {
	vector<Shape*> v;
	
	Shape* ps;
	ps = static_cast<Shape*>(DynObjectFactory::CreateObject("Circle"));
	v.push_back(ps);
	ps = static_cast<Shape*>(DynObjectFactory::CreateObject("Square"));
	v.push_back(ps);
	ps = static_cast<Shape*>(DynObjectFactory::CreateObject("Rectangle"));
	v.push_back(ps);
	
	DrawAllShapes(v);
	DeleteAllShapes(v);
	
}

make.sh
#!/bin/bash
g++ Shape.cpp DynTest.cpp -o test -std=c++11