创建线程,并可以向创建的线程传递一个参数
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr, void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg)
等待线程终止,并且可以获得线程的返回值;
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **retval)
获得线程自身的线程ID;
#include <pthread.h>
pthread_t pthread_self(void);
线程可以通过下面三种方式退出:
1.线程只是从启动例程中返回,返回值是线程的退出码;2.线程可以被同一进程中的其它线程取消;
3.线程调用pthread_exit
终止线程,并可以向主线程返回值;
#include <pthread.h>
void pthread_exit(void *retval);
在创建的线程中调用该函数,使该线程脱离进程(这里的脱离并不是真正意义上的完全脱离;脱离之后,该线程仍然在该进程空间里运行,只不过是当该线程退出的时候,它的资源会自动释放,进程不用等待其并释放其资源;
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_detach(pthread_t thread);
综述:
1:如何创建一个或多个线程;
2:如何在主线程中等待刚才创建的线程;
3:如何获得线程的线程ID;
4:如何在向创建的线程传递信息;
5:如何在创建的线程中退出的时候向主线程传递信息;
6:如何使线程脱离主线程;
实例1:简单的创建两个线程,并在主线程中等待这两个线程,使用pthread_create, pthread_join, pthread_self
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//线程入口函数
void *threadA(void *arg1)
{
printf("I am thread1, and my thread is %ld\n", pthread_self());
sleep(2);
printf("thread1 exit, good bye\n");
}
void *threadB(void *arg2)
{
printf("I am thread2, and my thread is %ld\n", pthread_self());
sleep(2);
printf("thread2 exit, good bye\n");
}
int main()
{
pthread_t thread1, thread2;
int res;
res = pthread_create(&thread1, NULL, threadA, NULL);
if (res != 0)
{
printf("pthread_create1 error.\n");
exit(-1);
}
res = pthread_create(&thread2, NULL, threadB, NULL);
if (res != 0)
{
printf("pthread_create2 error.\n");
exit(-1);
}
res = pthread_join(thread1, NULL);
if (res != 0)
{
printf("pthread_join1 error.\n");
exit(-1);
}
res = pthread_join(thread2, NULL);
if (res != 0)
{
printf("pthread_join2 error.\n");
exit(-1);
}
printf("I am main, my thread exit.\n");
exit(0);
}
实例2:创建多个线程(个数自己指定),并在主线程中等待这些线程,使用pthread_create, pthread_join, pthread_self
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//线程入口函数
void *threadA(void *arg1)
{
printf("I am thread, and my threadId is %ld\n", pthread_self());
sleep(2);
printf("thread exit, good bye! my Id is %ld\n", pthread_self());
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
//pthread_t thread1, thread2;
int res;
int i = 0;
if (argc != 2)
{
printf("input the number of thread you want to create:\n");
exit(-1);
}
int thread_num = atoi(argv[1]);
pthread_t threadId[thread_num];
for (i = 0; i < thread_num; i++)
{
res = pthread_create(&threadId[i], NULL, threadA, NULL);
if (res != 0)
{
printf("pthread_create error.\n");
exit(-1);
}
}
for (i = 0; i < thread_num; i++)
{
res = pthread_join(threadId[i],NULL);
if (res != 0)
{
printf("pthread_join error.\n");
exit(-1);
}
}
printf("I am main, my thread exit.\n");
exit(0);
}