Spring--依赖注入(Dependency Injection)

Spring

01: Spring简介
02: Spring–Spring组成及拓展
03: Spring–IoC理论推导&IoC本质
04: Spring–第一个Spring程序HelloSpring&修改上节案例
05: Spring–IoC创建对象方式
06: Spring–Spring配置
07: Spring–依赖注入(Dependency Injection)
08: Spring–Bean的作用域
09: Spring–自动装配Bean(使用自动装配xml配置)
10: Spring–使用注解实现自动装配(推荐使用)
11: Spring–注解开发
12: Spring–使用JavaConfig实现配置
13: Spring–静态代理再理解&AOP
14: Spring–AOP(通过 Spring API 实现&自定义类来实现Aop&使用注解实现)
15: Spring–回忆Mybatis
16: Spring–整合Mybatis
17: Spring–Spring声明式事务

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1.Spring–依赖注入(Dependency Injection)

依赖注入（Dependency Injection,DI）。

• 依赖 : 指Bean对象的创建依赖于容器 . Bean对象的依赖资源 .
• 注入 : 指Bean对象所依赖的资源 , 由容器来设置和装配 .

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1.1 构造器注入

前面的beans.xml一直用的构造器注入

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1.2 Set 注入 （重点）

1.2.1 测试pojo类

Address.java

package com.tian.pojo;

public class Address {
    private String address;
    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}

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Student.java

package com.tian.pojo;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbys;
    private Map<String, String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
        this.hobbys = hobbys;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbys() {
        return hobbys;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void show() {
        System.out.println("name=" + name
                + ",address=" + address.getAddress()
                + ",books="
        );
        for (String book : books) {
            System.out.print("<<" + book + ">>\t");
        }
        System.out.println("\n爱好:" + hobbys);

        System.out.println("card:" + card);

        System.out.println("games:" + games);

        System.out.println("wife:" + wife);

        System.out.println("info:" + info);

    }
}

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1.2.1 常量注入

beans.xml

<bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
     <property name="name" value="小明"/>
 </bean>

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1.2.1.1 测试

Test.java

    @org.junit.Test
    public void test() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.getName());
    }

运行结果:

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1.2.2 Bean(类)注入

注意点：这里的值是一个引用，ref

 <bean id="addr" class="com.tian.pojo.Address">
     <property name="address" value="重庆"/>
 </bean>
 
 <bean id="student" class="com.tian.pojo.Student">
     <property name="name" value="小明"/>
     <property name="address" ref="addr"/>
 </bean>

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1.2.3 数组注入

 <bean id="student" class="com.tian.pojo.Student">
     <property name="name" value="小明"/>
     <property name="address" ref="addr"/>
     <property name="books">
         <array>
             <value>西游记</value>
             <value>红楼梦</value>
             <value>水浒传</value>
         </array>
     </property>
 </bean>

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1.2.4 List注入

 <property name="hobbys">
     <list>
         <value>听歌</value>
         <value>看电影</value>
         <value>爬山</value>
     </list>
 </property>

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1.2.5 Map注入

 <property name="card">
     <map>
         <entry key="中国邮政" value="456456456465456"/>
         <entry key="建设" value="1456682255511"/>
     </map>
 </property>

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1.2.6 set注入

 <property name="games">
     <set>
         <value>LOL</value>
         <value>BOB</value>
         <value>COC</value>
     </set>
 </property>

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1.2.7 null注入

 <property name="wife"><null/></property>

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1.2.8 Properties注入

 <property name="info">
     <props>
         <prop key="学号">20190604</prop>
         <prop key="性别">男</prop>
         <prop key="姓名">小明</prop>
     </props>
 </property>

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1.3 测试结果

beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">


    <bean id="addr" class="com.tian.pojo.Address">
        <property name="address" value="重庆"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="student" class="com.tian.pojo.Student">
        <property name="name" value="小明"/>
        <property name="address" ref="addr"/>
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>西游记</value>
                <value>红楼梦</value>
                <value>水浒传</value>
            </array>
        </property>
        <property name="hobbys">
            <list>
                <value>听歌</value>
                <value>看电影</value>
                <value>爬山</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="中国邮政" value="456456456465456"/>
                <entry key="建设" value="1456682255511"/>
            </map>
        </property>
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>LOL</value>
                <value>BOB</value>
                <value>COC</value>
            </set>
        </property>
        <property name="wife">
            <null/>
        </property>
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="学号">20190604</prop>
                <prop key="性别">男</prop>
                <prop key="姓名">小明</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>


</beans>

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Test.java

public class Test {
    @org.junit.Test
    public void test() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        student.show();
    }
}

运行结果:

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