模拟通讯录

**实现一个通讯录；
通讯录可以用来存储1000个人的信息，每个人的信息包括：姓名、性别、年龄、电话、住址
提供方法：添加联系人信息
删除指定联系人信息
查找指定联系人信息
修改指定联系人信息
显示所有联系人信息
清空所有联系人
以名字排序所有联系人

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#define Total 1024

//定义联系人的结构体，包含姓名和电话号码
typedef struct PersonInfo {
 char name[256];
 char sex[32];
 char age[32];
 char phone[256];
 char address[256];
}PersonInfo;

//定一个联系人界面的结构体，包含联系人总个数和有效个数
//[0,size)这个是有效元素，[size,Total)是无效元素
typedef struct AddressBook{
 PersonInfo* person;
 int size;
 int capacity;//容量
}AddressBook;

//初始化函数，把所有的联系人信息，先进性初始化
//这里的函数参数，使用了指针类型 ，原因有二
//1.结构体作为函数参数时，需要进行拷贝操作，而结构体一般占用的内存都比较大，参数写成指针类型，可以有效的减少拷贝开销
//2.初始化函数的内部需要修改结构体变量的内容，我们在函数内部修改，同时还要影响到外部，此时传指针，相当于输出型参数
void Init(AddressBook* addr) {
 addr->size = 0;
 addr->capacity = 30;
 addr->person = (PersonInfo*)malloc(addr->capacity * sizeof(PersonInfo));//动态申请内存大小
 for (int i = 0; i < addr->capacity; i++) {
  strcpy(addr->person[i].name, "");
  strcpy(addr->person[i].sex, "");
  strcpy(addr->person[i].age, "");
  strcpy(addr->person[i].phone, "");
  strcpy(addr->person[i].address, "");
 }
}

//打印界面
int Print() {
 printf("========================\n");
 printf("1.添加联系人\n");
 printf("2.删除指定联系人\n");
 printf("3.查找指定联系人\n");
 printf("4.修改指定联系人\n");
 printf("5.显示所有联系人\n");
 printf("6.清空所有联系人\n");
 printf("0.退出程序\n");
 printf("========================\n");
 printf("请输入您的选择\n");
 int choice = 0;
 scanf("%d", &choice);
 return choice;
}

//扩容函数
void ReallocPersonInfo(AddressBook* address_book) {
 address_book->capacity += 20;
 PersonInfo* newpersons = (PersonInfo*)malloc(sizeof(PersonInfo) * address_book->capacity);
 memcpy(newpersons, address_book->person, address_book->size * sizeof(PersonInfo));
 free(address_book->person);
 address_book->person = newpersons;
}

//写文件
void Save(AddressBook* addr_book) {
 FILE* fp = fopen("C:/Users/HP/source/repos/联系人小程序/text.txt", "w");
 if (fp == NULL) {
  perror("文件打开失败\n");
  return;
 }
 for (int i = 0; i < addr_book->size; i++) {
  fwrite(&addr_book->person[i], sizeof(PersonInfo), 1, fp);
 }
 fclose(fp);
 printf("保存成功\n");
}

//读文件
void Load(AddressBook* addr_book){
 FILE* fp = fopen("C:/Users/HP/source/repos/联系人小程序/text.txt", "r");
 if (fp == NULL) {
  perror("文件打开失败\n");
  return;
 }
 PersonInfo tmp = { 0 };
 while (1){
  int n = fread(&tmp, sizeof(PersonInfo), 1, fp);
  if (n < 1) {
   break;
  }
  if (addr_book->size >= addr_book->capacity) {
   ReallocPersonInfo(addr_book);
  }
  addr_book->person[addr_book->size] = tmp;
  addr_book->size++;
 }
 fclose(fp);
}

//添加联系人函数
void AddPersonInfo(AddressBook* address_book) {
 printf("新增联系人!\n");
 if (address_book->size >= address_book->capacity) {
  //联系人已满，进行扩容
  ReallocPersonInfo(address_book);
 }
 PersonInfo* info = &address_book->person[address_book->size];
 printf("请输入新增联系人的姓名：\n");
 scanf("%s", info->name);
 printf("请输入新增联系人的性别：\n");
 scanf("%s", info->sex);
 printf("请输入新增联系人的年龄：\n");
 scanf("%s", info->age);
 printf("请输入新增联系人的电话号码：\n");
 scanf("%s", info->phone);
 printf("请输入新增联系人的住址：\n");
 scanf("%s", info->address);
 address_book->size++;
 printf("~~新增联系人成功！\n");
}

//删除指定联系人函数
void DelPersonInfo(AddressBook* address_book) {
 printf("删除指定联系人\n");
 if (address_book->size <= 0) {
  printf("通讯录为空，操作失败\n");
  return;
 }
 printf("请输入要删除联系人的序号:");
 int id = 0;
 scanf("%d", &id);
 if (id < 0 || id >= address_book->size) {
  printf("您输入的序号违法，操作失败\n");
  return;
 }
 //获取最后一个元素
 PersonInfo* last_info = &address_book->person[address_book->size-1];
 //获取待删除的元素
 PersonInfo* delete_info = &address_book->person[id];
 *delete_info = *last_info;
 address_book->size--;
 printf("指定联系人删除成功！\n");
}

//查找指定联系人函数
void FindPersonInfo(AddressBook* address_book) {
 //假如查找的联系人存在重名情况，则显示所有重名的联系人
 printf("查找指定联系人\n");
 printf("请输入您想要查找联系人的姓名\n");
 char name[256] = { 0 };
 scanf("%s", name);
 for (int i = 0; i < address_book->size; i++) {
  PersonInfo* find_info = &address_book->person[i];
  if (strcmp(name, find_info->name) == 0) {
   printf("[%d] %s: %s, %s, %s, %s\n", i, find_info->name, find_info->sex, find_info->age, find_info->phone, find_info->address);
  }
 }
 printf("显示查找联系人如上\n");
}

//修改指定联系人函数
void ModifyPersonInfo(AddressBook* address_book) {
 printf("修改指定联系人信息\n");
 printf("请输入需要修改联系人的序号：\n");
 if (address_book->size <= 0) {
  printf("通讯录为空，操作失败\n");
  return;
 }
 int id = 0;
 scanf("%d", &id);
 if (id < 0 || id >= address_book->size) {
  printf("您输入的序号违法，操作失败\n");
  return;
 }
 PersonInfo* info = &address_book->person[id];
 printf("请输入修改后的信息(*表示此项不做修改)\n");
 printf("姓名：");
 char name[256] = { 0 };
 scanf("%s", name);
 if (strcmp(name, "*") != 0) {
  strcpy(info->name, name);
 }
 printf("性别：");
 char sex[32] = { 0 };
 scanf("%s", sex);
 if (strcmp(sex, "*") != 0) {
  strcpy(info->sex, sex);
 }
 printf("年龄：");
 char age[32] = { 0 };
 scanf("%s", age);
 if (strcmp(age, "*") != 0) {
  strcpy(info->age, age);
 }
 printf("电话：");
 char phone[256] = { 0 };
 scanf("%s", phone);
 if (strcmp(phone, "*") != 0) {
  strcpy(info->phone, phone);
 }
 printf("住址：");
 char address[256] = { 0 };
 scanf("%s", address);
 if (strcmp(address, "*") != 0) {
  strcpy(info->address, address);
 }
 printf("修改成功！\n");
}

//显示所有联系人函数（顺序排序版）
void ShowPersonInfo(AddressBook* address_book) {
 printf("显示所有联系人\n");
 //按姓名排序之后的顺序显示
 PersonInfo ret = { "\0" };
 for (int i = 0; i < address_book->size; i++) {
  PersonInfo* info = &address_book->person[i];
  for (int j = i + 1; j < address_book->size; j++) {
   PersonInfo* info1 = &address_book->person[j];
   if (strcmp(info->name, info1->name) > 0) {
    ret = *info;
    *info = *info1;
    *info1 = ret;
   }
  }
 }
 for (int a = 0; a < address_book->size; a++) {
  PersonInfo* info = &address_book->person[a];
  printf("[%d] %s: %s, %s, %s, %s\n", a, info->name, info->sex, info->age, info->phone, info->address);
 }
 printf("当前共显示%d条记录\n", address_book->size);
}

//清空所有联系人函数
void ClearPersonInfo(AddressBook* address_book) {
 printf("清空所有联系人\n");
 printf("您真的确定要清空所有联系人吗，Yes/No\n");
 char choice[32] = { 0 };
 scanf("%s", choice);
 if (strcmp(choice, "Yes") == 0 || strcmp(choice, "yes") == 0) {
  address_book->size = 0;
  printf("清空完毕！\n");
  return;
 }
 else {
  printf("清空操作已取消\n");
  return;
 }
}

//主函数
int main() {
 AddressBook address_book;
 Init(&address_book);
 Load(&address_book);
 typedef void(*Func)(AddressBook*);
 Func func_table[] = {
  NULL,//这里加个NULL，是为了与函数Print()中的选项的序号对应上
  AddPersonInfo,
  DelPersonInfo,
  FindPersonInfo,
  ModifyPersonInfo,
  ShowPersonInfo,
  ClearPersonInfo
 };
 while (1) {
  int choice = Print();
  if (choice < 0 || choice >= sizeof(func_table) / sizeof(func_table[0])) {
   printf("您的输入不合法\n");
   continue;
  }
  if (choice == 0) {
   Save(&address_book);
   printf("再见！\n");
   break;
  }
  func_table[choice](&address_book);
 }
 return 0;
}