GUI编程（一）

组件：

1. 窗口
2. 弹窗
3. 面板
4. 文本框
5. 列表框
6. 按钮
7. 图片
8. 监听事件
9. 鼠标事件
10. 键盘事件
11. 外挂
12. 破解工具

一.简介

Gui的核心技术：Swing ，AWT，界面不美观。需要JRE环境。

二.AWT

2.1AWT介绍

1. 包含很多类和接口！GUI：图形用户界面编程
2. 元素：窗口，按钮，文本框
3. java.awt
   

2.2组件和容器

1.Frame

package com.kuang.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;

//gui的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Frame,JDK,看源码
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图形界面窗口");
        //需要设置可见性   w  h
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);
        //设置颜色  color
        frame.setBackground(new Color(25, 254, 0, 255));
        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);
        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

运行结果：

问题：发现窗口关闭不掉，停止Java程序才可关闭！

多个窗口：

package com.kuang.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口 new
        MyFrame myframe1 = new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.BLUE);
        MyFrame myframe2 = new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myframe3 = new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.red);
        MyFrame myframe4 = new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.magenta);
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id = 0;//可能存在多个窗口，需要一个计数器
    public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("Myframe+"+(++id));
        //需要设置可见性   w  h
        setVisible(true);
        //设置大小
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        //设置颜色
        setBackground(color);
    }
}

结果显示：

2.3面板panel

解决了关闭事件

package com.kuang.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;

//panel可以看成是一个空间，但是不能单独存在
public class Testpanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //布局的概念
        Panel panel = new Panel();//内嵌

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);
        //设置坐标
        frame.setBounds(300, 300, 500, 500);
        //设置背景
        frame.setBackground(new Color(40, 161, 35));
        //panel设置坐标，相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50, 50, 400, 400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(193, 15, 60));

        //frame.add(panel)
        frame.add(panel);
        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件  System.exit(0)
        //适配器模式
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //窗口点击关闭时需要做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

2.4布局管理器

流式布局：从左往右

package com.kuang.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //组件-按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        //设置为流式布局
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        //把按钮添加上去
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

东西南北中

package com.kuang.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");

        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("west");
        Button south = new Button("south");
        Button north = new Button("north");
        Button center = new Button("center");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        //添加监听事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        }) ;
    }
}

表格布局:Grid

package com.kuang.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");

        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));

        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);

        //Java函数！自动布局
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //添加监听事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

课堂练习：

1.frame窗口，最大的

2.4个面板

上半层： border 一个面板

​ 左：button

​ 中：面板

​ 右：button

下半层： border 一个面板

​ 左：button

​ 中：面板

​ 右：button

package com.kuang.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //frame需要布局
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));//两行一列
        //四个面板panel
        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());//东西南北中
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));

        //上半部搞定
        p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //下面
        p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        //中间四个
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
        }
        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

总结：

1.frame是一个顶级窗口

2.panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中

3.布局管理器：流式布局，东西南北中，表格

4.大小，定位，背景颜色，可见性，监听！

2.5事件监听

事件监听：当某个事情发生的时候，干什么？

package com.kuang.lesson2;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestAction {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button("hello");

        //因为addActionListener需要一个ActionListener，所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
    //关闭窗体事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

多个按钮共享一个事件：

package com.kuang.lesson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestAction02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮实现同一个监听
        //开始        停止
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始        停止");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("end");
        //可以显示的定义出发会返回的命令，如果不现实点工艺，则会走默认的值！
        //可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
        button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");

        Mymonitor mymonitor = new Mymonitor();

        button1.addActionListener(mymonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(mymonitor);

        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
}
class Mymonitor implements ActionListener{
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        //e.getActionCommand() 获得按钮的信息
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了"+e.getActionCommand());

    }
}

2.6输入框TextField监听

package com.kuang.lesson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestTest01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动！
        new MyFrame();
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();//单排文本框
        add(textField);

        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        //按下enter，就会触发这个输入框事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);

        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回了一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框文本
        field.setText("");//null ""
    }
}

2.7简易计算器,组合+内部类

oop原则：组合，大于继承！

class A extends B{
    
}
class A{
    public B b;
}

---

加法计算器demo01

package com.kuang.lesson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    public Calculator(){
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数

        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        //button需要增加一个监听事件
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取三个变量
    private  TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3) {
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得两个加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        //2.将这个值加法运算后，放到第三个框
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //3.清除前两个框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

完全改造为面向对象写法：

package com.kuang.lesson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCal02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator1().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator1 extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);

        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        //button需要增加一个监听事件
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener1(this));
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener1 implements ActionListener {
    //获取计算器这个变量,在一个类中组合另外一个类；
    Calculator1 calculator1 = null;
    public MyCalculatorListener1( Calculator1 calculator1) {
        this.calculator1 = calculator1;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得两个加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator1.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator1.num2.getText());
        //2.将这个值加法运算后，放到第三个框
        calculator1.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //3.清除前两个框
        calculator1.num1.setText("");
        calculator1.num2.setText("");
    }
}

内部类：更好的包装

package com.kuang.lesson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCal02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator1().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator1 extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);

        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        //button需要增加一个监听事件
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener1());
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //监听器类
    //内部类最大的好处就是畅通无阻的访问外部类属性
    private class MyCalculatorListener1 implements ActionListener {
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1.获得两个加数
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            //2.将这个值加法运算后，放到第三个框
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            //3.清除前两个框
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

2.8画笔

package com.kuang.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Mypaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class Mypaint extends Frame{
    public  void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,400);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画笔，需要有颜色，画笔可以画画
        //g.setColor(Color.red);
        //g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心的圆
        //g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);
        //养成习惯，画笔用完，将他还原为最初的颜色
    }
}

2.9鼠标监听

目的：想要实现鼠标画画！

package com.kuang.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

//测试鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Myframe("画画");
    }
}
//自己的类
class Myframe extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前位置,需要集合来存储这个点
    ArrayList points;
    public Myframe(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        //存鼠标的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();
        setVisible(true);
        //鼠标监听器，针对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
    }
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画，监听鼠标事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while(iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point)iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }
    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }

    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        //鼠标 按下，谈起，按住不放

        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
           Myframe myframe =(Myframe)e.getSource();
           //这里我们点击的时候就会在界面上产生一个点！
           //这个点就是鼠标的点
           myframe.addPaint( new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
           //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            myframe.repaint();//刷新
        }
    }
}

2.10 窗口监听

package com.kuang.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        setVisible(true);
        //addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {//匿名内部类

            @Override
            public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("windowopen");
            }
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("windowclosing");
                System.exit(0);
            }
            @Override
            public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("windowclosed");
            }
            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
                source.setTitle("被激活了！");
                System.out.println("windowActivated");
            }
        });
    }
}

2.11键盘监听

package com.kuang.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

//键盘
public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame {
    public KeyFrame() {
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘按下的键是哪一个,当前的码
               int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//不需要去记录这个数值，直接使用静态属性VK_xxx就可以
                System.out.println(keyCode);
               if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                   System.out.println("你按下了上键");
               }
               //根据按下不同操作，产生不同结果
            }
        });
    }
}