linux字符设备驱动开发之platform

考虑到驱动代码的重用性，linux采用驱动分隔思想，将主机驱动与设备驱动分隔开来，采用统一的接口通信。
一般地，设备驱动已经由半导体厂家开发完毕，我们只需要提供设备信息，如IO复用、电器属性等等。
主机驱动通过设备树获取设备信息，来初始化设备。
简单的讲，驱动只管驱动，设备负责设备，通过设备树经行匹配。
以上即为，linux总线、驱动、设备模型，常说的驱动分离。

Platform 平台驱动模型

linux根据驱动分隔思想提出了Platform虚拟总线，其分为platform_driver和platform_device。

1. platform_device
   include/linux/device.h

/**
 * struct device_driver - The basic device driver structure
 * @name:	Name of the device driver.
 * @bus:	The bus which the device of this driver belongs to.
 * @owner:	The module owner.
 * @mod_name:	Used for built-in modules.
 * @suppress_bind_attrs: Disables bind/unbind via sysfs.
 * @of_match_table: The open firmware table.
 * @acpi_match_table: The ACPI match table.
 * @probe:	Called to query the existence of a specific device,
 *		whether this driver can work with it, and bind the driver
 *		to a specific device.
 * @remove:	Called when the device is removed from the system to
 *		unbind a device from this driver.
 * @shutdown:	Called at shut-down time to quiesce the device.
 * @suspend:	Called to put the device to sleep mode. Usually to a
 *		low power state.
 * @resume:	Called to bring a device from sleep mode.
 * @groups:	Default attributes that get created by the driver core
 *		automatically.
 * @pm:		Power management operations of the device which matched
 *		this driver.
 * @p:		Driver core's private data, no one other than the driver
 *		core can touch this.
 *
 * The device driver-model tracks all of the drivers known to the system.
 * The main reason for this tracking is to enable the driver core to match
 * up drivers with new devices. Once drivers are known objects within the
 * system, however, a number of other things become possible. Device drivers
 * can export information and configuration variables that are independent
 * of any specific device.
 */
struct device_driver {
	const char		*name;
	struct bus_type		*bus;

	struct module		*owner;
	const char		*mod_name;	/* used for built-in modules */

	bool suppress_bind_attrs;	/* disables bind/unbind via sysfs */

	const struct of_device_id	*of_match_table;
	const struct acpi_device_id	*acpi_match_table;

	int (*probe) (struct device *dev);
	int (*remove) (struct device *dev);
	void (*shutdown) (struct device *dev);
	int (*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
	int (*resume) (struct device *dev);
	const struct attribute_group **groups;

	const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;

	struct driver_private *p;
};

struct platform_device {
	const char	*name;
	int		id;
	bool		id_auto;
	struct device	dev;
	u32		num_resources;
	struct resource	*resource;

	const struct platform_device_id	*id_entry;
	char *driver_override; /* Driver name to force a match */

	/* MFD cell pointer */
	struct mfd_cell *mfd_cell;

	/* arch specific additions */
	struct pdev_archdata	archdata;
};

2. platform_driver

struct platform_driver {
	int (*probe)(struct platform_device *); 
	int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);
	void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);
	int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);
	int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);
	struct device_driver driver;
	const struct platform_device_id *id_table;
	bool prevent_deferred_probe;
};

编写platform驱动需要定义platform_driver结构体。
platform 通过 id_table 进行驱动设备匹配。匹配成功后执行probe函数，一般为驱动初始化程序，需要自己编写。 模块加载中通过platform_driver_register向linux内核注册platform驱动。

#define platform_driver_register(drv) \
	__platform_driver_register(drv, THIS_MODULE)
extern int __platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *,
					struct module *);
extern void platform_driver_unregister(struct platform_driver *);

platform driver驱动框架：

/* 设备结构体 */
struct xxx_dev{
struct cdev cdev;
/* 设备结构体其他具体内容 */
};

struct xxx_dev xxxdev; /* 定义个设备结构体变量 */

static int xxx_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
/* 函数具体内容 */
return 0;
}

static ssize_t xxx_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)
{
/* 函数具体内容 */
return 0;
}
/*
 * 字符设备驱动操作集
*/
static struct file_operations xxx_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = xxx_open,
.write = xxx_write,
};
/*
* platform 驱动的 probe 函数
* 驱动与设备匹配成功以后此函数就会执行
*/
static int xxx_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
{
......
cdev_init(&xxxdev.cdev, &xxx_fops); /* 注册字符设备驱动 */
/* 函数具体内容 */
return 0;
}

static int xxx_remove(struct platform_device *dev)
{
......
cdev_del(&xxxdev.cdev);/* 删除 cdev */
/* 函数具体内容 */
return 0;
}

/* 匹配列表 */
static const struct of_device_id xxx_of_match[] = {
{ .compatible = "xxx-gpio" },
{ /* Sentinel */ }
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, leds_of_match);
/*
* platform 平台驱动结构体
*/
static struct platform_driver xxx_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "xxx",
.of_match_table = xxx_of_match,
},
.probe = xxx_probe,
.remove = xxx_remove,
};
/* 驱动模块加载 */
static int __init xxxdriver_init(void)
{
return platform_driver_register(&xxx_driver);
}
/* 驱动模块卸载 */
static void __exit xxxdriver_exit(void)
{
platform_driver_unregister(&xxx_driver);
}
module_init(xxxdriver_init);
module_exit(xxxdriver_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("tom");

platform device 框架
1.设备树描述

设备节点

gpioled {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <1>;
compatible = "atkalpha-gpioled";
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_led>;
led-gpio = <&gpio1 3 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
status = "okay";
};

设备驱动通过compatible判断是否匹配。

2.使用platform_device描述

以前linux不支持设备树，通过platform_device_register注册到linux内核中。

extern int platform_device_register(struct platform_device *);
extern void platform_device_unregister(struct platform_device *);

使用platform_device框架

/* 寄存器地址定义*/
#define PERIPH1_REGISTER_BASE (0X20000000) /* 外设 1 寄存器首地址 */
#define PERIPH2_REGISTER_BASE (0X020E0068) /* 外设 2 寄存器首地址 */
#define REGISTER_LENGTH 4

/* 资源 */
static struct resource xxx_resources[] = {
[0] = {
	.start = PERIPH1_REGISTER_BASE,
	.end = (PERIPH1_REGISTER_BASE + REGISTER_LENGTH - 1),
	.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
	},
[1] = {
	.start = PERIPH2_REGISTER_BASE,
	.end = (PERIPH2_REGISTER_BASE + REGISTER_LENGTH - 1),
	.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
	},
};

/* platform 设备结构体 */
static struct platform_device xxxdevice = {
	.name = "xxx-gpio",
	.id = -1,
	.dev = {
			.open =  ,
			.release =  , 
			......
			},
	.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(xxx_resources),
	.resource = xxx_resources,
};

/* 设备模块加载 */
static int __init xxxdevice_init(void)
{
	return platform_device_register(&xxxdevice);
}

/* 设备模块注销 */
static void __exit xxx_resourcesdevice_exit(void)
{
	platform_device_unregister(&xxxdevice);
}

module_init(xxxdevice_init);
module_exit(xxxdevice_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("tom")

platform驱动加载成功后，在 /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ 目录下生成 .driver.name（“xxx-gpio”） 目录。