053-PPT-5-19: Archive Backups归档备份

053-PPT-5-19: Archive Backups归档备份

在Oracle 11g中，可以使用backup ….keep命令保留比RMAN备份保留策略所指定的时间更长的备份。使用这个命令，可以构造能保留数年的归档备份，以满足特定的目的，如满足管理需求等。也可以出于测试目的，利用归档备份对数据库进行定期还原。这些归档备份包含还原和恢复一个数据库必需的所有文件。

在Oracle 10g中，使用keep选项覆盖一个备份已配置的保留策略。Keep选项使备份不受一个指定时间段的保留策略的限制。Keep forever选项（需要一个恢复目录）规定一个备份或副本永不过期。在Oracle 11g中，用keep 和keep forever选项完成与以前基本相同的事情，但是来自以前版本某些选项现在不用了，现在有一个的选项，名为restore point。因为backup keep命令的归档备份特性的核心，我从几个方面来介绍一下这条命令。

1. Oracle 10g中的backup ….keep命令在Oracle 11g之前，backup … keep命令有以下几个选：

• keep标记不受限制(exempt)，unkeep标记备份受所配置的备份保留策略的限制;
• logs指出只要相关的备份可用，RMAN就必须保留恢复所需要的归档重做日志，nologs选项指出不保留恢复备份的归档重做日志;
• forever和until time指出一个备份不受所配置的备份保留策略限制的时间长度。

2. 如果指定keep forever子句，则必须使用恢复目录。

3. backup … keep命令更改

4. 归档备份

5. 创建归档备份

创建归档备份有两种方法。

方法一，可使用backup …keep命令创建不受保留策略限制的备份。

归档备份不能放到flash recovery area，如果RMAN默认的备份位置是flash recovery are，那么你在做归档备份的时候，需要用format指定磁盘上的一个位置。作为长期的归档备份，将归档备份放到磁带设备是最好的选择。

[root@TrainingSvr ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@TrainingSvr ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Jul 29 09:54:52 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1413156288)

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset
2> database format '/u02/backup/orcl/%U'
3> tag save1yr
4> keep until time 'sysdate+365';

Starting backup at 29-JUL-15
current log archived

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=172 device type=DISK
backup will be obsolete on date 28-JUL-16
archived logs required to recover from this backup will be backed up
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_bvdkqzxk_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/myts01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 29-JUL-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 29-JUL-15 with 2 copies and tag SAVE1YR
piece handle=/u02/backup/orcl/6fqd8hml_1_1 comment=NONE
piece handle=/u02/backup/orcl/6fqd8hml_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:26

using channel ORA_DISK_1
backup will be obsolete on date 28-JUL-16
archived logs required to recover from this backup will be backed up
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 29-JUL-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 29-JUL-15 with 2 copies and tag SAVE1YR
piece handle=/u02/backup/orcl/6gqd8hr7_1_1 comment=NONE
piece handle=/u02/backup/orcl/6gqd8hr7_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
backup will be obsolete on date 28-JUL-16
archived logs required to recover from this backup will be backed up
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=68 RECID=162 STAMP=886327144
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 29-JUL-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 29-JUL-15
piece handle=/u02/backup/orcl/6hqd8hr8_1_1 tag=SAVE1YR comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

using channel ORA_DISK_1
backup will be obsolete on date 28-JUL-16
archived logs required to recover from this backup will be backed up
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 29-JUL-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 29-JUL-15 with 2 copies and tag SAVE1YR
piece handle=/u02/backup/orcl/6iqd8hra_1_1 comment=NONE
piece handle=/u02/backup/orcl/6iqd8hra_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 29-JUL-15

RMAN>