C# 网络通信

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-25 07:09:17 发布

JunChow520

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-25 07:09:17 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/JunChow520/article/details/103030750

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网络通信模型

OSI七层模型

应用层 ApplicationLayer
功能：文件传输、电子邮件、文件服务、虚拟终端
TCP/IP协议：TFTP、HTTP、SNMP、FTP、SMTP、DNS、Telnet...
表示层 PresentationLayer
功能：数据格式化、代码转换、数据加密
TCP/IP协议：无
会话层 SessionLayer
功能：解除或建立于其他节点的联系
TCP/IP协议：无
传输层 TransportLayer
功能：提供端对端的接口
TCP/IP协议：UDP、TCP
网络层 NetworkLayer
功能：为数据包选择路由
TCP/IP协议：IP、ICMP、RIP、OSPF、BGP、IGMP
数据链路层 DataLinkLayer
功能：传输有地址的帧，错误检测功能。
TCP/IP协议：SLIP、CSLIP、PPP、ARP、RARP、MTU
物理层 PhysicalLayer
功能：以二进制数据形式在屋里媒体上传输数据
TCP/IP协议：ISO2110、IEEE802、IEEE802.2

TCP/IP五层协议

应用层
网路设备：无
传输层
网络设备：四层交换机、工作在四层的路由器
数据链路层
网络设备：网桥、以太网交换机（二层交换机）、网卡（一半工作在物理层，一半工作在数据链路层）
物理层
物理设备：中继器、集线器、双绞线

协议

协议是数据通信的标准，规定了数据的格式，传递和接收的双方都按照标准的格式对数据进行处理。

例如，在用户模块中规定传输的数据包括：

用户类型
用户信息
操作类型：1表示登录 2表示注册
操作数据：账户、密码

通信中可自定义协议但仅限于应用层，其他层的传输协议都是行业标准，需要遵守。

IPEndPoint类

抽象类EndPoint的实现类
Socket对象的RemoteEndPoint、LocalEndPoint都是这个类型
Address属性表示使用IPv4的地址
Port属性表示使用int表示的端口

Socket套接字类

Socket类即可以用于做服务器端的开发也可以用作客户端的开发
构造方法的参数
- AddressFamily 指定使用IPv4的地址InterNetwork
- SocketType 指定使用流式传输Stream
- ProtocolType 指定协议类型，默认为TCP。
Bind()
用于绑定IP和端口即成为服务器，可以监听指定IP的特定端口。
Listene()
开始监听，监听状态，参数是最大的挂起数（客户端等待状态的数量）。
Accept()
用于接收客户端连接并返回Socket对象，此方法会阻塞当前线程，建议开启新线程执行此方法，结合尾递归可接收多个客户端。
Receive()
接收客户端发送过来的消息，以字节为单位进行操作，Receive()方法会阻塞当前线程，建议开启新线程执行此方法，结合尾递归可持续接收多条信息。
Send()
发送消息以字节为单位

聊天室

操作流程：

创建服务器并能接收客户端
创建客户端并能与服务器建立连接
客户端向服务器发送消息
服务器接收消息
服务器回复客户端的消息
服务器向客户端广播消息

P2P通信

服务器

创建解决方案Server添加控制台应用程序
添加服务器操作类ServerControl.cs

$ vim ServerControl.cs
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

namespace Server
{
    /**
     * 服务器
     */
    public class ServerControl
    {
        private Socket serverSocket;
        public ServerControl()
        {
            //创建套接字
            serverSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            Console.WriteLine("Server: Init");
        }
        public void Start(int port)
        {
            serverSocket.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, port));
            serverSocket.Listen(100);
            Console.WriteLine("Server: Start");

            //新建线程避免主线程被挂起
            Thread threadAccept = new Thread(Accept);
            //设置为后台线程
            threadAccept.IsBackground = true;
            //启动线程
            threadAccept.Start();

            //接收客户端，此方法会挂起当前线程。
            //Socket client = serverSocket.Accept();
            //IPEndPoint point = client.RemoteEndPoint as IPEndPoint;
            //Console.WriteLine("Clinet {0}:{1} connect success", point.Address, point.Port);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 接收客户端连接
        /// Socket.Accept()会挂起当前线程
        /// </summary>
        private void Accept()
        {
            //接收客户端连接
            Socket client = serverSocket.Accept();
            IPEndPoint point = client.RemoteEndPoint as IPEndPoint;
            Console.WriteLine("[{0}:{1}]: connect", point.Address, point.Port);

            //接收客户端发送过来的消息
            //byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            //int buflen = client.Receive(buffer);//Receive()会挂起，放入新线程中
            //string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, buflen);
            //Console.WriteLine("Receive Message: {0}", message);

            //开启新线程
            Thread threadReceive = new Thread(Receive);
            threadReceive.IsBackground = true;
            threadReceive.Start(client);

            //尾递归
            Accept();
        }
        
        private void Receive(object obj)
        {
            //线程传递只能传递对象，进行强类型转换。
            Socket client = obj as Socket;
            IPEndPoint point = client.RemoteEndPoint as IPEndPoint;
            IPAddress ip = point.Address;
            int port = point.Port;
            try
            {
                //接收客户端发送过来的消息
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int buflen = client.Receive(buffer);//Receive()会挂起，放入新线程中
                string rqmsg = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, buflen);
                Console.WriteLine("[{0}:{1}]: {2}", ip, port, rqmsg);
                //向客户端发送消息
                byte[] rpmsg = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(rqmsg + " " + DateTime.Now);
                client.Send(rpmsg);
                //尾递归
                Receive(client);
            }
            catch
            {
                Console.WriteLine("[{0}:{1}]: close", ip, port);
            }
        }
    }
}

入口点调用

$ vim Program.cs
using System;

namespace Server
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ServerControl server = new ServerControl();
            server.Start(12321);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

客户端

创建解决方案Client选择控制台应用程序
添加客户端处理类ClientControl.cs

$ vim ClientControl.cs
using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

namespace Client
{
    public class ClientControl
    {
        private Socket clientSocket;
        /// <summary>
        /// 构造方法
        /// 初始化客户端套接字
        /// </summary>
        public ClientControl()
        {
            clientSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            Console.WriteLine("Client: Init");
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端与服务器建立连接
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ip">服务端IP地址</param>
        /// <param name="port">服务端端口</param>
        public void Connect(string ip, int port)
        {
            clientSocket.Connect(ip, port);
            Console.WriteLine("Client: Connect");
            //接收消息
            Thread threadReceive = new Thread(Receive);
            threadReceive.IsBackground = true;
            threadReceive.Start();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端向服务器发送消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="message">消息内容</param>
        public void Send(string message)
        {
            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
            clientSocket.Send(buffer);
            Console.WriteLine("Client: {0}", message);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端接收服务器发送过来的消息
        /// </summary>
        private void Receive()
        {
            try
            {
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int buflen = clientSocket.Receive(buffer);
                string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, buflen);
                Console.WriteLine("Server: {0}", message);
                //尾递归
                Receive();
            }
            catch
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Server: close");
            }
        }
    }
}

入口点调用

$ vim Program.cs
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;

namespace Client
{
    class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //实例化
            ClientControl client = new ClientControl();
            //建立连接
            string ip = GetLocalIP();
            int port = 12321;
            client.Connect(ip, port);
            //发送消息
            Console.WriteLine("Please input message, input [exit] to quit.");
            string message = Console.ReadLine();
            while (message != "exit")
            {
                client.Send(message);
                message = Console.ReadLine();
            }  
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取本机IP地址
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string GetLocalIP()
        {
            try
            {
                string hostname = Dns.GetHostName();
                IPHostEntry ipEntry = Dns.GetHostEntry(hostname);
                for(int i=0; i<ipEntry.AddressList.Length; i++)
                {
                    if(ipEntry.AddressList[i].AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
                    {
                        return ipEntry.AddressList[i].ToString();
                    }
                }
                return string.Empty;
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
                return string.Empty;
            }
        }
    }
}

使用注意：先启动服务器后启动客户端

服务器向客户端广播消息

服务端

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

namespace Server
{
    /**
     * 服务器
     */
    public class ServerControl
    {
        private Socket serverSocket;
        private List<Socket> clientList;
        public ServerControl()
        {
            //创建套接字
            serverSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            //客户端集合初始化
            clientList = new List<Socket>();
            Console.WriteLine("Server: Init");
        }
        public void Start(int port)
        {
            serverSocket.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, port));
            serverSocket.Listen(100);
            Console.WriteLine("Server: Start");

            //新建线程避免主线程被挂起
            Thread threadAccept = new Thread(Accept);
            //设置为后台线程
            threadAccept.IsBackground = true;
            //启动线程
            threadAccept.Start();

            //接收客户端，此方法会挂起当前线程。
            //Socket client = serverSocket.Accept();
            //IPEndPoint point = client.RemoteEndPoint as IPEndPoint;
            //Console.WriteLine("Clinet {0}:{1} connect success", point.Address, point.Port);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 接收客户端连接
        /// Socket.Accept()会挂起当前线程
        /// </summary>
        private void Accept()
        {
            //接收客户端连接
            Socket client = serverSocket.Accept();
            IPEndPoint point = client.RemoteEndPoint as IPEndPoint;
            Console.WriteLine("[{0}:{1}]: connect", point.Address, point.Port);

            //将客户端添加到集合中
            clientList.Add(client);

            //接收客户端发送过来的消息
            //byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            //int buflen = client.Receive(buffer);//Receive()会挂起，放入新线程中
            //string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, buflen);
            //Console.WriteLine("Receive Message: {0}", message);

            //开启新线程
            Thread threadReceive = new Thread(Receive);
            threadReceive.IsBackground = true;
            threadReceive.Start(client);

            //尾递归
            Accept();
        }

        private void Receive(object obj)
        {
            //线程传递只能传递对象，进行强类型转换。
            Socket client = obj as Socket;
            IPEndPoint point = client.RemoteEndPoint as IPEndPoint;
            IPAddress ip = point.Address;
            int port = point.Port;
            try
            {
                //接收客户端发送过来的消息
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int buflen = client.Receive(buffer);//Receive()会挂起，放入新线程中
                string rqmsg = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, buflen);
                Console.WriteLine("[{0}:{1}]: {2}", ip, port, rqmsg);
                //向客户端发送消息
                //byte[] rpmsg = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(rqmsg + " " + DateTime.Now);
                //client.Send(rpmsg);
                //向客户端广播消息
                string message = DateTime.Now+" " + rqmsg;
                Broadcast(message, client);
                //尾递归
                Receive(client);
            }
            catch
            {
                //客户端断开连接则移除
                clientList.Remove(client);
                Console.WriteLine("[{0}:{1}]: close", ip, port);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 向所有客户端广播消息
        /// </summary>          
        /// <param name="message">准备广播的消息</param>
        /// <param name="clientExclude">需排除的客户端</param>
        private void Broadcast(string message, Socket clientExclude)
        {
            foreach(var client in clientList)
            {
                if(client != clientExclude)
                {
                    client.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message));
                } 
            }
        }

    }
}

客户端

using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

namespace Client
{
    public class ClientControl
    {
        private Socket clientSocket;
        /// <summary>
        /// 构造方法
        /// 初始化客户端套接字
        /// </summary>
        public ClientControl()
        {
            clientSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            Console.WriteLine("Client: Init");
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端与服务器建立连接
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ip">服务端IP地址</param>
        /// <param name="port">服务端端口</param>
        public void Connect(string ip, int port)
        {
            clientSocket.Connect(ip, port);
            Console.WriteLine("Client: Connect");
            //接收消息
            Thread threadReceive = new Thread(Receive);
            threadReceive.IsBackground = true;
            threadReceive.Start();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端向服务器发送消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="message">消息内容</param>
        public void Send(string message)
        {
            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
            clientSocket.Send(buffer);
            Console.WriteLine("Client: {0}", message);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端接收服务器发送过来的消息
        /// </summary>
        private void Receive()
        {
            try
            {
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int buflen = clientSocket.Receive(buffer);
                string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, buflen);
                Console.WriteLine("Server: {0}", message);
                //尾递归
                Receive();
            }
            catch
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Server: close");
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端回复消息
        /// </summary>
        public void Reply()
        {
            Thread threadReply = new Thread(InputToSend);
            //threadReply.IsBackground = true;
            threadReply.Start();
        }
        private void InputToSend()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Please input [EXIT] to Quit");
            string message = Console.ReadLine();
            while (message.ToLower() != "exit")
            {
                clientSocket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message));
                message = Console.ReadLine(); //堵塞
            }
        }
    }
}

服务器架构

基础服务器架构

大厅游戏服务器架构

自定义协议

规则

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数据
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数据传输方式

二进制数据：保证数据量最小
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基础服务器架构

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C# 网络通信

网络通信模型OSI七层模型应用层 ApplicationLayer功能：文件传输、电子邮件、文件服务、虚拟终端TCP/IP协议：TFTP、HTTP、SNMP、FTP、SMTP、DNS、Telnet...表示层 PresentationLayer功能：数据格式化、代码转换、数据加密TCP/IP协议：无会话层 SessionLayer功能：解除或建立于其他节点的联系...
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