Observer模式

Observer模式是开发中，使用比较多的模式之一。Observer模式叫做观察者模式，它定义了一种一对多的依赖关系，让多个观察者同时监听某一对象状态，当这个对象状态发生变化时，这些观察者都得到通知。

下图即为Observer模式的类图：

实现如下：
//Subject.h

//Subject.h
#ifndef _SUBJECT_H_
#define _SUBJECT_H_
#include <string>
#include <boost/ptr_container/ptr_container.hpp>

typedef std::string State;
class Observer;
class Subject
{
public:
    virtual ~Subject();
    virtual void Attach(Observer* obv);
    virtual void Detach(Observer* obv);
    virtual void Notify();
    virtual void SetState(const State& st) = 0;
    virtual State GetState() = 0;
protected:
    Subject();
private:
    boost::ptr_vector<Observer> obvs_;
};

class ConcreteSubject : public Subject
{
public:
    ConcreteSubject();
    ~ConcreteSubject();
    State GetState();
    void SetState(const State& st);
private:
    State st_;
};

#endif

//Subject.cpp

//Subject.cpp
#include "Subject.h"
#include "Observer.h"

#include <iostream>

Subject::Subject()
{

}
Subject::~Subject()
{

}
void Subject::Attach(Observer* obv)
{
    obvs_.push_back(obv);
}
void Subject::Detach(Observer* obv)
{
    for(boost::ptr_vector<Observer>::iterator iter=obvs_.begin(); iter!=obvs_.end(); ++iter)
    {
        if(obv==&(*iter))
        {
            obvs_.erase(iter);//dead loop????
            break;
        }
    }
    return ;
}

void Subject::Notify()
{
    for(boost::ptr_vector<Observer>::iterator iter=obvs_.begin(); iter!=obvs_.end(); ++iter)
    {
        iter->Update(this);
    }
}

ConcreteSubject::ConcreteSubject()
{
    st_='\0';
}
ConcreteSubject::~ConcreteSubject()
{

}
void ConcreteSubject::SetState(const State& st)
{
    st_=st;
}
State ConcreteSubject::GetState()
{
    return st_;
}

//Observer.h

#ifndef _OBSERVER_H_
#define _OBSERVER_H_
#include "Subject.h"
#include <string>
typedef std::string State;
class Observer
{
public:
    virtual ~Observer();
    virtual void Update(Subject* sub)=0;
    virtual void PrintInfo()=0;
protected:
    Observer();
    State st_;
};

class ConcreteObserverA:public Observer
{
public:
    virtual ~ConcreteObserverA();
    ConcreteObserverA(Subject* sub);
    virtual Subject* GetSubject();
    void Update(Subject* sub);
    void PrintInfo();
private:
    Subject* sub_;
};

class ConcreteObserverB:public Observer
{
public:
    virtual ~ConcreteObserverB();
    ConcreteObserverB(Subject* sub);
    virtual Subject* GetSubject();
    void Update(Subject* sub);
    void PrintInfo();
private:
    Subject* sub_;
};


#endif //_OBSERVER_H_

//Observer.cpp

//Observer.cpp
#include "Observer.h"
#include "Subject.h"

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

Observer::Observer()
{
    st_='\0';
}
Observer::~Observer()
{}

ConcreteObserverA::ConcreteObserverA(Subject* sub)
{
    sub_=sub;
    sub_->Attach(this);
}
ConcreteObserverA::~ConcreteObserverA()
{
    sub_->Detach(this);
    //if(sub_!=0)
        //delete sub_;
}
Subject* ConcreteObserverA::GetSubject()
{
    return sub_;
}
void ConcreteObserverA::PrintInfo()
{
    std::cout<<"ConcreteObserverA observer "<<st_<<std::endl;
}
void ConcreteObserverA::Update(Subject* sub)
{
    st_=sub->GetState();
    PrintInfo();
}

ConcreteObserverB::ConcreteObserverB(Subject* sub)
{
    sub_=sub;
    sub_->Attach(this);
}
ConcreteObserverB::~ConcreteObserverB()
{
    sub_->Detach(this);
    //if(sub_!=0)
        //delete sub_;
}
Subject* ConcreteObserverB::GetSubject()
{
    return sub_;
}
void  ConcreteObserverB::PrintInfo()
{
    std::cout<<"ConcreteObserverB observer "<<st_<<std::endl;
}
void ConcreteObserverB::Update(Subject* sub)
{
    st_=sub->GetState();
    PrintInfo();
}

//main.cpp

#include "Subject.h"
#include "Observer.h"

int main()
{
    ConcreteSubject* sub=new ConcreteSubject();
    Observer* o1=new ConcreteObserverA(sub);
    Observer* o2=new ConcreteObserverB(sub);

    sub->SetState("old");
    sub->Notify();
    sub->Detach(o1);
    sub->SetState("new");
    sub->Notify();

    return 0;
}