直方圖均衡化 (Histogram Equalization)代碼

相關說明及公式可以參考:

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/直方图均衡化
https://face2ai.com/DIP-5-10-灰度图像-图像增强-直方图均衡化HistogramEqualization/

均衡化部分，說白了就是套公式即可完成。
這邊還是說明一下程式步驟，方便了解公式內容。
程式步驟:

1. 載入圖檔並轉成灰階
2. 讀取圖檔數值後，儲存數值次數 (例如 255 這個值出現幾次)
3. 依序累加所有數值 (例如 :1 = 0+1， 2= 0+1+2 … )
4. 計算均衡化並寫入圖片值

灰階圖檔均衡化代碼:

#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
Mat img, grayImage;
void Histogran_Equalization(void);
int main(void)
{
	img = imread("C:\\Users\\User\\Downloads\\Image2\\test.jpg", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR); //open and read the image      
	cvtColor(img, grayImage, CV_RGB2GRAY);

	Histogran_Equalization();
	imshow("原圖", img);
	imshow("Equalization", grayImage);
	waitKey(0); //wait for key press        
	return 0;
}

void Histogran_Equalization(void)
{
	unsigned long long MN = grayImage.rows * grayImage.cols;
	unsigned long HE_Table[256];
	unsigned long cdf_Table[256];
	unsigned long Sk[256];

	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		HE_Table[i] = 0;
		Sk[i] = 0;
		cdf_Table[i] = 0;
	}

	//save gray value
	for (int x = 0; x < grayImage.rows; x++)
		for (int y = 0; y < grayImage.cols; y++)
			for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
				if (grayImage.ptr<uchar>(x)[y] == i)
					HE_Table[i]++;

	//count value(cdf)
	for (int i = 1; i <256; i++)
		for (int j = 0; j <= i;j++)
			if (HE_Table[i] != 0)
				cdf_Table[i] += HE_Table[j];


	//calculate equalization
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
		if (HE_Table[i] != 0)
			Sk[i] = (double)((cdf_Table[i] - 1) / (double)MN) * i;

	//write equalization to image
	for (int x = 0; x < grayImage.rows; x++)
		for (int y = 0; y < grayImage.cols; y++)
			for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
				if (grayImage.ptr<uchar>(x)[y] == i)
					grayImage.ptr<uchar>(x)[y] = Sk[i];

}

下面是彩色圖檔均衡化代碼:

/*RGB*/
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
Mat img, grayImage, RGB;
void Histogran_Equalization(void);
int main(void)
{
	img = imread("C:\\Users\\User\\Downloads\\Image2\\3.Left.bmp", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR); //open and read the image      
	cvtColor(img, grayImage, CV_BGR2YCrCb); //change the color image from BGR to YCrCb format
	Histogran_Equalization();
	cvtColor(grayImage, RGB, CV_YCrCb2BGR); //change the color image from YCrCb to BGR format (to display image properly) 
	imshow("原圖", img);
	imshow("Equalization", RGB);
	waitKey(0); //wait for key press        
	return 0;
}

void Histogran_Equalization(void)
{
	unsigned long long MN = grayImage.rows * grayImage.cols;
	unsigned long HE_Table[256];
	unsigned long cdf_Table[256];
	unsigned long Sk[256];

	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		HE_Table[i] = 0;
		Sk[i] = 0;
		cdf_Table[i] = 0;
	}

	//save gray value
	for (int x = 0; x < grayImage.rows; x++)
		for (int y = 0; y < grayImage.cols; y++)
			for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
				if (grayImage.at<Vec3b>(x, y)[0] == i)
					HE_Table[i]++;

	//count value(cdf)
	for (int i = 1; i <256; i++)
		for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++)
			if (HE_Table[i] != 0)
				cdf_Table[i] += HE_Table[j];


	//calculate equalization
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
		if (HE_Table[i] != 0)
			Sk[i] = (double)((cdf_Table[i] - 1) / (double)MN) * i;

	//write equalization to image
	for (int x = 0; x < grayImage.rows; x++)
		for (int y = 0; y < grayImage.cols; y++)
			for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
				if (grayImage.at<Vec3b>(x, y)[0] == i)
					grayImage.at<Vec3b>(x, y)[0] = Sk[i];

}