【plotly】入门

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-31 11:18:31 发布

Kelvin_Ngan

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-31 11:18:31 发布

阅读量1.1k

点赞数 2

分类专栏： python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Kelvin_Yan/article/details/104800929

版权

python 专栏收录该内容

14 篇文章 3 订阅

订阅专栏

文章目录

安装
图形对象
交互元素
主题

安装

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple plotly==4.5.2

用conda install指令无法装成，即使换了清华源也没用

相关链接
主页
 API列表
 示例
官方提供了一个在线编辑工具，可以生成图形：web editor

plotly可视化库主打可交互、开源、基于web
许可：MIT Licensed

图形对象

plotly.graph_objects.Figure

1、创建一个Figure对象

Figure(data=None, layout=None, frames=None, skip_invalid=False, **kwargs)

data为图形的底层数据，见trace type列表（plotly定义的一系列数据结构）
layout定义布局属性，如title、font、width、height、colorscale、legend，属性很多，说明见class plotly.graph_objs.Layout

2、显示一个Figure

Figure.show(*args, **kwargs)

参数用于设置renderer，如fig.show(renderer="svg")

renderer可以通过以下语句查看

import plotly.io as pio
pio.renderers

Renderers configuration
-----------------------
    Default renderer: 'notebook_connected'
    Available renderers:
        ['plotly_mimetype', 'jupyterlab', 'nteract', 'vscode',
         'notebook', 'notebook_connected', 'kaggle', 'azure', 'colab',
         'cocalc', 'databricks', 'json', 'png', 'jpeg', 'jpg', 'svg',
         'pdf', 'browser', 'firefox', 'chrome', 'chromium', 'iframe',
         'iframe_connected', 'sphinx_gallery']

示例一：

import plotly.graph_objects as go
fig = go.Figure(
    data=[go.Bar(y=[2, 1, 3])],
    layout_title_text="A Figure Displayed with fig.show()"
)
fig.show()

示例二：

ig = {
    "data": [{"type": "bar",
              "x": [1, 2, 3],
              "y": [1, 3, 2]}],
    "layout": {"title": {"text": "A Bar Chart"}}
}

# To display the figure defined by this dict, use the low-level plotly.io.show function
import plotly.io as pio
pio.show(fig)

3、特殊图形

生成特殊图形，如gantt图、quiver图
Figure factories，注意其中有一些已经废弃

示例：

import numpy as np
import plotly.figure_factory as ff
x1,y1 = np.meshgrid(np.arange(0, 2, .2), np.arange(0, 2, .2))
u1 = np.cos(x1)*y1
v1 = np.sin(x1)*y1

fig = ff.create_quiver(x1, y1, u1, v1)
fig.show()

4、增加数据

Figure.add_traces(data, rows=None, cols=None, secondary_ys=None)

示例：

import plotly.graph_objects as go
fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[1, 3, 2]))
fig.show()

5、画子图

plotly.subplots.make_subplots(rows=1, cols=1, shared_xaxes=False, shared_yaxes=False, start_cell='top-left', print_grid=False, horizontal_spacing=None, vertical_spacing=None, subplot_titles=None, column_widths=None, row_heights=None, specs=None, insets=None, column_titles=None, row_titles=None, x_title=None, y_title=None, **kwargs)

plotly.subplots说明

示例：

from plotly.subplots import make_subplots
fig = make_subplots(rows=1, cols=2)
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(y=[4, 2, 1], mode="lines"), row=1, col=1)
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(y=[2, 1, 3]), row=1, col=2)
fig.show()

6、改变已有Figure的属性

Figure.update_traces(patch=None, selector=None, row=None, col=None, secondary_y=None, overwrite=False, **kwargs)
Figure.update_layout(dict1=None, overwrite=False, **kwargs)

示例一：

import plotly.graph_objects as go
fig = go.Figure(data=go.Bar(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[1, 3, 2]))
fig.update_layout(title_text="A Bar Chart",
                  title_font_size=30)
fig.show()

以下的写法与上面等价：

fig.update_layout(title_text="A Bar Chart",
                  title_font_size=30)

fig.update_layout(title_text="A Bar Chart",
                  title_font=dict(size=30))


fig.update_layout(title=dict(text="A Bar Chart"),
                             font=dict(size=30))

fig.update_layout({"title": {"text": "A Bar Chart",
                             "font": {"size": 30}}})

fig.update_layout(
    title=go.layout.Title(text="A Bar Chart",
                          font=go.layout.title.Font(size=30)));

示例二：

from plotly.subplots import make_subplots
fig = make_subplots(rows=1, cols=2)

fig.add_scatter(y=[4, 2, 3.5], mode="markers",
                marker=dict(size=20, color="LightSeaGreen"),
                name="a", row=1, col=1)

fig.add_bar(y=[2, 1, 3],
            marker=dict(color="MediumPurple"),
            name="b", row=1, col=1)

fig.add_scatter(y=[2, 3.5, 4], mode="markers",
                marker=dict(size=20, color="MediumPurple"),
                name="c", row=1, col=2)

fig.add_bar(y=[1, 3, 2],
            marker=dict(color="LightSeaGreen"),
            name="d", row=1, col=2)
            
#改变所有marker的颜色
fig.update_traces(marker=dict(color="RoyalBlue"))

fig.show()

交互元素

Figure对象实现一些交互操作，如鼠标选点、区域选取、缩放、视角旋转、视角拉伸等等，见Configuration in Python
除了figure对象，还可以添加一些控件，实现简单的交互功能Custom Buttons、Dropdown Menus、Sliders、Range Slider and Selector
但是这些控件都只是很有限的扩展，要想更灵活只能编写dash的web应用程序

Custom Buttons
layout.updatemenus.buttons.method，枚举类型，“restyle” | “relayout” | “animate” | “update” | “skip”，method属性决定button的on click行为：
“restyle”: 修改data或data的属性，on click事件里只会修改Figure中的data属性，而不会修改layout属性；
“relayout”: 修改layout属性，同上，on click事件只会修改layout属性，不会修改data属性
“update”: 修改data和layout属性
“animate”: 开始或暂停动画
另外，也可以用JavaScript定义自己的updatemenu events

示例：

import plotly.graph_objects as go

import pandas as pd

# Load dataset
df = pd.read_csv(
    "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plotly/datasets/master/finance-charts-apple.csv")
df.columns = [col.replace("AAPL.", "") for col in df.columns]

# Initialize figure
fig = go.Figure()

# Add Traces

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=list(df.index),
               y=list(df.High),
               name="High",
               line=dict(color="#33CFA5")))

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=list(df.index),
               y=[df.High.mean()] * len(df.index),
               name="High Average",
               visible=False,
               line=dict(color="#33CFA5", dash="dash")))

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=list(df.index),
               y=list(df.Low),
               name="Low",
               line=dict(color="#F06A6A")))

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x=list(df.index),
               y=[df.Low.mean()] * len(df.index),
               name="Low Average",
               visible=False,
               line=dict(color="#F06A6A", dash="dash")))

# Add Annotations and Buttons
high_annotations = [dict(x="2016-03-01",
                         y=df.High.mean(),
                         xref="x", yref="y",
                         text="High Average:<br> %.2f" % df.High.mean(),
                         ax=0, ay=-40),
                    dict(x=df.High.idxmax(),
                         y=df.High.max(),
                         xref="x", yref="y",
                         text="High Max:<br> %.2f" % df.High.max(),
                         ax=0, ay=-40)]
low_annotations = [dict(x="2015-05-01",
                        y=df.Low.mean(),
                        xref="x", yref="y",
                        text="Low Average:<br> %.2f" % df.Low.mean(),
                        ax=-40, ay=40),
                   dict(x=df.High.idxmin(),
                        y=df.Low.min(),
                        xref="x", yref="y",
                        text="Low Min:<br> %.2f" % df.Low.min(),
                        ax=0, ay=40)]

fig.update_layout(
    updatemenus=[
        dict(
            type="buttons",
            direction="right",
            active=0,
            x=0.57,
            y=1.2,
            buttons=list([
                dict(label="None",
                     method="update",  #method属性：修改data和layout
                     args=[{"visible": [True, False, True, False]},  #4组data的visible属性
                           {"title": "Yahoo",  #layout的title属性  
                            "annotations": []}]),  #layout的annotations属性
                dict(label="High",
                     method="update",
                     args=[{"visible": [True, True, False, False]},
                           {"title": "Yahoo High",
                            "annotations": high_annotations}]),
                dict(label="Low",
                     method="update",
                     args=[{"visible": [False, False, True, True]},
                           {"title": "Yahoo Low",
                            "annotations": low_annotations}]),
                dict(label="Both",
                     method="update",
                     args=[{"visible": [True, True, True, True]},
                           {"title": "Yahoo",
                            "annotations": high_annotations + low_annotations}]),
            ]),
        )
    ])

# Set title
fig.update_layout(
    title_text="Yahoo",
    xaxis_domain=[0.05, 1.0]
)

fig.show()

错误示例：
想实现z轴反转的功能，但是method属性设置了restyle导致没有效果

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import pandas as pd

# Read data from a csv
z_data = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plotly/datasets/master/api_docs/mt_bruno_elevation.csv')

fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Surface(z=z_data.values,colorscale='Cividis')])
fig.update_traces(contours_z=dict(show=True, usecolormap=True,
                                  highlightcolor="limegreen", project_z=True))

fig.update_layout(
    updatemenus=[
        dict(
            buttons=list([
                dict(
                    args=[{"scene.zaxis.autorange" : True}],
                    label="False",
                    method="restyle"   #此处应改为relayout
                ),
                dict(
                    args=[{"scene.zaxis.autorange" : "reversed"} ],
                    label="True",
                    method="restyle"   #此处应改为relayout
                )
            ]),
            direction="down",
            pad={"r": 10, "t": 10},
            showactive=True,
            x=0.38,
            xanchor="left",
            y=button_layer_1_height,
            yanchor="top"
        )        
    ]
)

fig.update_layout(title='Mt Bruno Elevation', autosize=False,
                  scene_camera_eye=dict(x=1.87, y=0.88, z=-0.64),
                  width=900, height=900,
                  margin=dict(l=65, r=50, b=65, t=90),
                  annotations=[
                        dict(text="Reverse<br>ZAxis", x=0.3, xref="paper", y=1.07,
                                             yref="paper", showarrow=False)                        
                    ]
)

fig.show()

主题

plotly内置了一系列的主题可以选择
Theming and templates

Kelvin_Ngan

关注

2
点赞
踩
2

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
【plotly】入门

安装pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple plotly==4.5.2用conda install指令无法装成，即使换了清华源也没用相关链接主页API列表示例官方提供了一个在线编辑工具，可以生成图形：web editorplotly可视化库主打可交互、开源、基于web许可：MIT Licensed图形对象...
复制链接

扫一扫