已知数列 { a n } \{a_n\} {an}满足 a 1 = 1 , a n + 1 = 3 a n + 1. a_1=1,a_{n+1}=3a_n+1. a1=1,an+1=3an+1.
(1)证明： { a n + 1 2 } \{a_n+\dfrac{1}{2}\} {an+21}是等比数列，并求 { a n } \{a_n\} {an}的通项公式；
(2)证明： 1 a 1 + 1 a 2 + ⋯ + 1 a n < 3 2 . \dfrac{1}{a_1}+\dfrac{1}{a_2}+\cdots+\dfrac{1}{a_n}<\dfrac{3}{2}. a11+a21+⋯+an1<23.
[解析]
(1)由题意有
a
n
+
1
+
1
2
=
3
(
a
n
+
1
2
)
a_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}=3(a_n+\dfrac{1}{2})
an+1+21=3(an+21) 所以
{
a
n
+
1
2
}
\{a_n+\dfrac{1}{2}\}
{an+21} 是以
3
2
\dfrac{3}{2}
23 为首项，
3
3
3 为公比的等比数列；解得
a
n
=
3
n
−
1
2
.
a_n=\dfrac{3^n-1}{2}.
an=23n−1.
(2)因为当
n
>
1
n>1
n>1时
2
3
n
−
1
<
1
3
n
−
1
\dfrac{2}{3^n-1}<\dfrac{1}{3^{n-1}}
3n−12<3n−11则
1
a
1
+
1
a
2
+
⋯
+
1
a
n
\dfrac{1}{a_1}+\dfrac{1}{a_2}+\cdots+\dfrac{1}{a_n}\quad\quad\quad\quad
a11+a21+⋯+an1
=
2
3
−
1
+
2
3
2
−
1
+
⋯
+
2
3
n
−
1
=\dfrac{2}{3-1}+\dfrac{2}{3^2-1}+\cdots+\dfrac{2}{3^n-1}
=3−12+32−12+⋯+3n−12
<
1
+
1
3
+
1
3
2
+
⋯
+
1
3
n
−
1
<1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\cdots+\dfrac{1}{3^{n-1}}\quad\quad\quad
<1+31+321+⋯+3n−11
=
3
2
−
1
2
⋅
3
n
−
1
<
3
2
=\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3^{n-1}}<\dfrac{3}{2}\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad
=23−2⋅3n−11<23当
n
=
1
n=1
n=1 时，显然成立；得证.
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