传统的生产者消费者问题，防止虚假唤醒

面试常见的笔试题：单例模式，八大排序算法，生产者和消费者，死锁

生产者和消费者问题Synchronized版

package com.liao.lesson1;

public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        A a = new A();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    a.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    a.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"B").start();
    }
}
class A{
    private int number;
    public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        if (number!=0){
            this.wait();
        }
        number++;
        notifyAll();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+number);
    }
    public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        if (number==0){
            this.wait();
        }
        number--;
        notifyAll();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+number);
    }
}

问题存在：这是两个线程的时候，那有4个线程的时候会出现什么问题？
这个时候通过代码我们发现线程。出错了，线程不安全了，不再只有0，1，两种结果，会出现3，或4。

使用if一次性判断会出现虚假唤醒问题，解决办法就是将if判断改为while判断

package com.liao.lesson1;

public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        com.liao.lesson1.A a = new com.liao.lesson1.A();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    a.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    a.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    a.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"C").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    a.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"D").start();
    }
}
class B{
    private int number;
    public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        while (number!=0){
            this.wait();
        }
        number++;
        notifyAll();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+number);
    }
    public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        while (number==0){
            this.wait();
        }
        number--;
        notifyAll();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+number);
    }
}

while判断的话，就是防止两个线程同时进入，其中一个等待