64Flutter与Native通信（四）

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-30 11:41:08 发布

LJLThomson

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-30 11:41:08 发布

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分类专栏： Flutter 文章标签： flutter

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/LJLThomson/article/details/117413785

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Flutter插件开发（二）

1.简介

上一篇我们讲到Flutter，并有相应的案例，但是我们发现我们没有获取context，在实际开发中，这显然是不合理的，没有context，那么我们就无法申请权限，跳转图库等等功能，这一篇文章，主要是从实际开发的角度去分析问题。以Android为例。

registerWith旧的方式已经发生改变，推荐使用新的方式写插件

2.思考一个问题

插件获取的context和Activity是从哪里来的？

上一篇我们讲到example的案例，案例中，AndroidManifest中注册了application和MainActivity，所以，就如同你所想的一样，context从这里面来的，我们的Flutter界面依托在FlutterActivity上，所以这也是我们可以获取context和Activity的原因

3.使用

1.获取context

        flutterPluginBinding.applicationContext

2.获取activity

需要实现该ActivityAware接口。

package com.uih.flutternative

import io.flutter.embedding.engine.plugins.FlutterPlugin
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.plugins.activity.ActivityAware
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.plugins.activity.ActivityPluginBinding
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodCall
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodChannel
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodChannel.MethodCallHandler

/**
 * 创建日期：2021/5/28 on 16:57
 * 描述:
 * 作者: jialiang.li.v
 */
class MyPlugin2 : FlutterPlugin, ActivityAware, MethodCallHandler {
    override fun onAttachedToEngine(binding: FlutterPlugin.FlutterPluginBinding) {
    }

    override fun onDetachedFromEngine(binding: FlutterPlugin.FlutterPluginBinding) {
    }

    override fun onDetachedFromActivity() {
    }

    override fun onReattachedToActivityForConfigChanges(binding: ActivityPluginBinding) {
    }

    override fun onAttachedToActivity(binding: ActivityPluginBinding) {
        binding.activity
        binding.addActivityResultListener { requestCode, resultCode, data ->
            return@addActivityResultListener false
        }
    }

    override fun onDetachedFromActivityForConfigChanges() {
    }

    override fun onMethodCall(call: MethodCall, result: MethodChannel.Result) {
    }
}

3.后台服务

可选）如果希望您的插件在任何时间都保留在后台服务中，请实现该 ServiceAware接口。与activity差不多，不再讲解

注意：

您的插件可能会或可能不会在任何给定的时间与给定的Flutter体验相关联。您应该注意在中初始化插件的行为onAttachedToEngine()，然后在中清理插件的引用onDetachedFromEngine()。
FlutterPluginBinding为您的插件提供了一些重要的参考：

binding.getFlutterEngine（）
返回的FlutterEngine是你的插件安装到，到组件提供接入，如DartExecutor， FlutterRenderer等。
binding.getApplicationContext（）
返回Context正在运行的应用程序的Android应用程序。

4.案例，编写一个权限请求插件

以Android为例，由于权限是需要用到Activity的，所以我们需要继承ActivityAware

1.Android:

package com.example.flutter_permission

import androidx.annotation.NonNull

import android.app.Activity
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.plugins.FlutterPlugin
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.plugins.activity.ActivityAware
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.plugins.activity.ActivityPluginBinding
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodCall
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodChannel
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodChannel.MethodCallHandler
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodChannel.Result
import io.flutter.plugin.common.PluginRegistry.Registrar

/** FlutterPermissionPlugin */
class FlutterPermissionPlugin: FlutterPlugin, ActivityAware, MethodCallHandler {
  private lateinit var channel: MethodChannel
  private lateinit var permissionUtils2: PermissionUtils2
  private lateinit var activity: Activity
  override fun onAttachedToEngine(binding: FlutterPlugin.FlutterPluginBinding) {
    channel = MethodChannel(binding.binaryMessenger, "flutter_permission")
    channel.setMethodCallHandler(this)
    binding.applicationContext
  }

  override fun onDetachedFromEngine(binding: FlutterPlugin.FlutterPluginBinding) {
    channel.setMethodCallHandler(null)
  }

  override fun onDetachedFromActivity() {
  }

  override fun onReattachedToActivityForConfigChanges(binding: ActivityPluginBinding) {
  }

  override fun onAttachedToActivity(binding: ActivityPluginBinding) {
    activity = binding.activity
    permissionUtils2 = PermissionUtils2()
  }

  override fun onDetachedFromActivityForConfigChanges() {
  }

  override fun onMethodCall(call: MethodCall, result: MethodChannel.Result) {
    when (call.method) {
      "requestPermission" -> {
        permissionUtils2.setCallBack {
          result.success(it)
        }
        permissionUtils2.requestPermission(activity)
      }
      "getPlatformVersion" -> {
        result.success("Android ${android.os.Build.VERSION.RELEASE}")
      }
      else -> {
        result.notImplemented()
      }
    }
  }
}

PermissionUtils2: //申请位置权限

package com.example.flutter_permission;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;

import com.hjq.permissions.OnPermission;
import com.hjq.permissions.Permission;
import com.hjq.permissions.XXPermissions;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 创建日期：2021/5/28 on 17:26
 * 描述:
 * 作者:jialiang.li
 */
public class PermissionUtils2 {
    private static final int SUCCESS = 0;
    private static final int DENIED = -1;
    private static final int FOREVER_DENIED = -2;
    private PermissionCallBack callBack;

    public void setCallBack(PermissionCallBack callBack) {
        this.callBack = callBack;
    }

    private Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()) {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            if (msg.what == SUCCESS) {
                callBack.callBack(SUCCESS);
            } else if (msg.what == FOREVER_DENIED) {
                callBack.callBack(FOREVER_DENIED);
            } else {
                callBack.callBack(DENIED);
            }
        }
    };


    public interface PermissionCallBack {
        void callBack(int value);
    }

    void requestPermission(Activity activity) {
        XXPermissions.with(activity)
                .permission(Permission.Group.LOCATION) //申请位置权限
                .request(new OnPermission() {
                    @Override
                    public void hasPermission(List<String> granted, boolean all) {
                        if (all) {
                            handler.obtainMessage(SUCCESS).sendToTarget();
                        } else {
                            handler.obtainMessage(DENIED).sendToTarget();
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void noPermission(List<String> denied, boolean never) {
                        if (never) {
                            handler.obtainMessage(FOREVER_DENIED).sendToTarget();
                        } else {
                            handler.obtainMessage(DENIED).sendToTarget();
                        }
                    }
                });
    }
}

注意：XXPermissions为轮子哥大牛所写的权限申请框架，感谢轮子哥的无私奉献，GitHub:https://github.com/getActivity/XXPermissions

build.gradle导包

    implementation 'com.hjq:xxpermissions:9.0'

xml中申请权限

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  package="com.example.flutter_permission">
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION" />
</manifest>

2.lib中


import 'dart:async';

import 'package:flutter/services.dart';

class FlutterPermission {
  static const MethodChannel _channel =
      const MethodChannel('flutter_permission');

  static Future<String> get platformVersion async {
    final String version = await _channel.invokeMethod('getPlatformVersion');
    return version;
  }
	
  ///申请权限
  static Future<int> get requestPermission async {
    final int permission = await _channel.invokeMethod("requestPermission");
    return permission;
  }
}

3.example示例中测试

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'dart:async';

import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
import 'package:flutter_permission/flutter_permission.dart';

void main() => runApp(MyApp());

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // TODO: implement build
    return MaterialApp(
        home: Scaffold(
            appBar: AppBar(title: Text("flutter demo")), body: HomeContent()));
  }
}

class HomeContent extends StatefulWidget {
  HomeContent({Key key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  _HomeContentState createState() {
    return _HomeContentState();
  }
}

class _HomeContentState extends State<HomeContent> {
  String _platformVersion = 'Unknown';
  String _permissionValue = "";

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    super.dispose();
  }

  Future<void> requestPermission() async {
    int result;
    try {
      result = await FlutterPermission.requestPermission;
    } on PlatformException {
      result = -3;
    }
    setState(() {
      _permissionValue = result.toString();
    });
  }

  ///获取平台信息
  Future<void> initPlatformState() async {
    String platformVersion;

    try {
      platformVersion = await FlutterPermission.platformVersion;
    } on PlatformException {
      platformVersion = 'Failed to get platform version.';
    }

    if (!mounted) return;

    setState(() {
      _platformVersion = platformVersion;
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // TODO: implement build
    return Center(
      child: Column(
        children: [
          OutlinedButton(
              onPressed: requestPermission,
              child: Text('权限测试$_permissionValue')),
          OutlinedButton(
              onPressed: initPlatformState, child: Text('版本号$_platformVersion'))
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}

4.本地添加插件

pubspec.yaml

dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter

  flutter_permission:
    # When depending on this package from a real application you should use:
    #   flutter_permission: ^x.y.z
    # See https://dart.dev/tools/pub/dependencies#version-constraints
    # The example app is bundled with the plugin so we use a path dependency on
    # the parent directory to use the current plugin's version.
    path: ../

其他方式github和pub，不在本章说明。

5.总结

1.通过以上案例，我们发现Flutter插件的编写，并没有我们想象中难度那么大，仅仅只是Native和Flutter之间通信罢了

2.Flutter插件，通过MethodChannel（2.0之后有pigeon，未使用过）进行Native<------>Flutter之间双向通信

3.Flutter是，运行在FlutterActivity之上的（注意，这点非常重要，并不是玄幻般地渲染，也是有容器），这也是为什么Flutter widget会有生命周期等等原因

参考官方文档：

https://flutter.dev/docs/development/packages-and-plugins/plugin-api-migration#basic-plugin

LJLThomson

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64Flutter与Native通信（四）

Flutter插件开发（二）1.简介上一篇我们讲到Flutter，并有相应的案例，但是我们发现我们没有获取context，在实际开发中，这显然是不合理的，没有context，那么我们就无法申请权限，跳转图库等等功能，这一篇文章，主要是从实际开发的角度去分析问题。以Android为例。registerWith旧的方式已经发生改变，推荐使用新的方式写插件2.思考一个问题插件获取的context和Activity是从哪里来的？上一篇我们讲到example的案例，案例中，AndroidManifest中
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